WHAT IS PATRIARCHY? (Pg. no. 1-40)
New Delhi: Kali for Women
Kamala Bhasin (1993)
ISBN: 8185107734, 9788185107738. Reviewed By: Aleesha Sooraj.
'What is patriarchy?' caters to the activists in the field of women's development. The book provides an insight into the issue of patriarchy and opens up our eyes into various happenings around us and identifies them, as a result of patriarchy which otherwise we would have taken as a granted. The author of the book, Kamala Bhasin, is an Indian developmental feminist activist, who is actively engaged with issues related to development, education, gender, media and several others. Currently she works with Sangat- a South Asian Feminist Network, as an advisor. Most of her books were written for activists and development workers. The standards of the book is kept at an appealing level, so that it would reach a wide range of readers which she feels is necessary so as to make the general public aware of the system of patriarchy. One distinctive feature of this book is the way major affairs are being addressed in an effective yet unambiguous manner. The aim of the book is to generate an awareness regarding the system of patriarchy.
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The book is divided into two parts – (a) Patriarchy and its concerns, and (b) Patriarchy its origin and theories. The first part of the book begins with the question 'what is patriarchy?' and answers a wide range of questions on this issue. The second part, named as the 'origin of patriarchy' deals with various views about patriarchy. Theories regarding patriarchy by different schools are mentioned in a brief but yet in a detailed manner in this
Since, the eighteen century women have been seeing as property, object and goods (Popple, 2015, p.64). However, today the feminist theory represents the perception that the society and the state is still patriarchal were men persist in dominant positions and women are in subordinate positions. Fact is, accordingly to Bryson (1993) cited in Popple (2015), male power get still physical and psychological demonstrated with domestic violence, sexual abuse or other types of control to minimize women. (Popple,2015, p.65.). It can be argued that the feminist theory
In this paragraph I will be talking about Marilyn Frye’s article called “Sexism” and I will discuss whether I agree with her argument or not. Firstly, Frye gives an argument for sexism saying “sexism is not always apparent either to those who suffer from it or to those who inflict it upon others. It is imperceptibility of sexism that enables it to flourish in our society” (Frye, p.844). Marilyn Frye is trying to say that sexism is usually ignored in the real world to those who get hurt from it or to the ones who causes it. In my opinion, I will say that I do agree with Marilyn Frye’s stand on this subject for a couple of reasons.
In his essay “Why do we make so much of gender?” an excerpt from his 1997 book, The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy, Allan G Johnson argues about patriarchy and the differences both between men and women. He first argues about how important roles are to reproduction, “the roles are crucial to human life “(546). Next he goes to argue about patriarchy, the idea of a male-identified society (547). Third he argues that men are defined more by their manhood then adulthood (548).
Brief Summary Aaron Devor discusses the patriarchally-expected gender roles of today’s society. He delves into the discussion of femininity versus masculinity. Society associates femininity with weakness, whilst associating masculinity with greatness. Furthermore, Aaron sheds light on today’s societal gender norms.
Words such as ‘unspoken assumption’, ‘insidiously’,‘exaggerating’, and “preoccupation” show suspicion towards the topic of women's rights and movements . In addition, the author also gives emphasis towards the downfall of men’s rights by including details such as “special privileges and protection to women” and “men’s supposed mistreatment of women”, thus showing how the author is directly opressed by the fight for equal rights. The author sees men's rights and their struggle with oppression as them being expected to have traditional cordial manners and fall into the traditional role of the patriarchy of the family, and decides to ‘debunk’ feminism by using these few points against a legacy of hatred, oppression, and misogyny that created
In a patriarchy society where males are the narrators and voices being heard, one is rarely educated on women struggles. In the Western world gender is a construct made to keep one group superior and the other inferior. Gender concerns what it means to be women or men in society. The traditional notion of gender is acknowledged to not be defined the same all over the world. The general concept of gender is challenged
Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun presents the rise of feminism in America in the 1960s. Beneatha Younger, Lena Younger (Mama) and Ruth Younger are the three primary characters displaying evidences of feminism in the play. Moreover, Hansberry creates male characters who demonstrate oppressive attitudes towards women yet enhance the feministic ideology in the play. A Raisin in the Sun is feminist because, with the feminist notions displayed in the play, women can fulfil their individual dreams that are not in sync with traditional conventions of that time.
A patriarchy is a system where men dominate, and women are marginalized. The patriarchy can be traced to Aristotle’s writings in Ancient Greece, where he spoke of women as subordinates of men. Aristotle was also dependent on dualism (dividing reality into different spheres). In the case of men and women, men were seen as the rational and women, the emotional. These labels lead to sexist behavior and thus oppression of women, because they were seen as less than men.
Patriarchy is the typical system in a society where the male holds the most power over a female. Multiple civilizations have been this way for centuries. There are many aspects that caused this division between the two genders. The causes in the development of patriarchy from the Paleolithic Eras to the Neolithic Eras are the creation of civilizations, home environments ,and agriculture. Each one of these causes lead to one another because they have a “chain reaction.”
In Pula Webster’s ‘Matriarchy: A vision of power’ (in R. R. Reiter, ed., Toward an Anthropology of Women, 1975) described the relationship between power, gender and social structure with the description of five feminist authors. She described with the evaluation that, the social power is the main form of the social exclusion of women. She described that in matrilineal Iroquois the male member of the clan also held the power, in some cases that was more than the female leader of the clan or female member of the family. She said that in matriarchal society, the woman has the status only, but the power rests on the hand of the male. She described the methodology of the appreciation, that patriarchy was a result of the logical culmination of the
In the 16th century, not only in England but also almost in all the countries, all the families were “under” the patriarchal society. A patriarchy, from the ancient Greek patriarches, was a society where power was held by and passed down through the elder males. When modern historians and sociologists describe a "patriarchal society," they mean that men hold the positions of power: head of the family unit, leaders of social groups, boss in the workplace and heads of government. Unfortunately, this fact still exists, even today in the 21st century in many countries, especially in the Muslim countries where women have restricted rights. Patriarchal society, manhood, and the sense of masculinity, in my opinion, raise two main issues: the issue
She explains the cruciality of transnational feminism, where it is dependent upon building solidarity across the divisions among women. Overall, Mohanty believes in illuminating the historical aspects of nations and how they led to the social construction of women. Mohanty’s text was exceedingly interesting to read since it expanded my perceptions
Each society possesses distinctive culture that varies from each other, yet has commonalities, as well. Patriarchy long has been one of such common features, and is still so in many states. It is the male, especially fathers, rule, while the opposite gender is expected to be submissive (Sultana, 2010). Over time, the level of patriarchy has mitigated, especially following the women feminist movements, exclusively in the West, and the situation of gender equality has improved (Evelyn and Adedayo, 2014). It is essential to convey these western ideas everywhere, as they are most humanist and just, so far.
Apparently, men do fear of women; and they put their fear on display with various exhibitions of hatred, which is sweeping broadly, cross-culturally, consecutively over time as a result of mental perturbation, not an endeavour to generate and elevate beneficial environment for a male-biased system. Described as one of men’s psychological anxiousness, misogyny owes its origin to “identical experiences of male’s development cycle, rather than causes by the environment alone” (2001). In other words, men’s development cycle is to blame for their inner struggle; and without uttering it directly, the implied word is “mother” and/ or “wife”. Ultimately, his work on misogyny itself is misogynistic because the underlying message is clear: despite being left with no voice and just a few choices, being victims of brutality, violence and hatred, women themselves are the root of the
According to the famous sociologists Sylvia Walby, patriarchy is “a system of social structure and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women”. Women’s exploitation is an age old cultural phenomenon of Indian society. The system of patriarchy finds its validity and sanction in our religious beliefs, whether it is Hindu, Muslim or any other religion. For instance, as per ancient Hindu law giver Manu, “Women are supposed to be in the custody of their father when they are children, they must be under the custody of their husband when married and under the custody of her son in old age or as widows.