1. Under which circumstances might the Lehman's laws break down? According to Sommerville (2011), Lehman’s laws say that as time goes on for a software system, the system will experience changes. This change is due to environmental changes around the program, requiring it to adapt to stay relevant. As it adapts, it becomes more complex, due to additions added to keep the program up to date. As it evolves, it has a certain dynamic, and it evolves due to a certain rate due to the developer’s decision making process. As it changes, it can introduce new faults and the larger the change, the larger the amount of faults. Finally, software needs to change or users will be unhappy with it. Lehman’s laws break down if the environment doesn’t change …show more content…
It is rare that anyone is given a blank check to develop a software system, and so the team needs to know an estimate of cost for every piece of the process, in order to make sure the software comes in within budget. Similarly, with schedule estimates, it is important to know when you might be complete with the project. If you intend to give the product to the customer in six months, but the parts besides testing are going to take five months to create, then that doesn’t leave a lot of time for testing and reworking the program. Both factors need to be clear ahead of time, even if they are just estimates. If a testing team were told ahead of time they’d only get a month, they might push for two months and that can be resolved before the project started rather than at the four to five-month point. Of course, this is not going to happen if the project is so revolutionarily new that there is no way to know how long to expect or how much it will cost, like VR. Palmer Luckey made this mistake by estimating the cost of the forthcoming Oculus Rift would be around $350 in October 2015 but then the price upon announcement of release changed to $599. (Ungureanu, 2016) People were outraged about the change in price, causing a black eye to the company because of a $250 price
Lawrence v. Texas 539 US 558 (2003) Case Facts: In September 1998, a same-sex couple in Houston, Texas were arrested in their own apartment after police found them engaging in a consensual, intimate, sexual act. The two men, John Lawrence and Tyron Garner, were convicted of violating the Texas “Homosexual Conduct” Law, which made it a Class-C misdemeanor for same-sex adults to engage in sexual intercourse and considered it illegal sodonomy. The statute was created in 1973 after the state changed its criminal code to end the banning of heterosexual anal or oral sex. The sheriff deputies arrested and charged the couple for performing “deviate sexual intercourse” as listed in the mentioned in the Texas statute.
Citation R. v. NS, 2012 SCC 72, [2012] 3 S.C.R. 726 – Niqab removal trial Facts: NS who is a Muslim woman made a complaint of being sexually assaulted by 2 men within family during her childhood. Both men were charged for the assault in 2007. During the opening inquiry in 2008, NS explained she was going to testify with her niqab on for religious purposes Legal issue Removing the witness’s niqab violates section 2 of the Canadian charter of rights and freedom Decision The Supreme Court dismissed the plea and is preparing a list of questions in order to decide whether or not the witness should be allowed to wear the niqab during the trail for religious purposes
Roper v. Simmons was a Supreme Court case that occurred in 2004. The case was deciding whether or not minors over the age of fifteen were allowed to be sentenced to death. Christopher Simmons was given the death sentence at seventeen years old. He felt that he should not have been given the death penalty because he was not yet an adult. Simmons said that this was violating his Eighth Amendment rights.
The second case filed against the University of Michigan is Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). The suit was filed by non-minority applicants who alleged the university for using race as the prevailing factor in admitting students and therefore violated the Equal Protection Clause, Title VI and Section 1981 (Green, 2004, p. 144). In their defense, the University of Michigan argued that the university seeks to ensure their ability to make unique contributions to the character of the student body by enrolling a “meaningful number” of underrepresented minority students (Green, 2004, p. 147). In contrast to the Gratz case, the district court did not follow Justice Powell’s rationale in the Bakke case and the district court ruled in favor of the plaintiff.
4. Engel v. Vitale In the case, Engel was sueing Vitale over the grounds that there should be no teacher led prayer in public school. My oipinion is that if someone wants to pray, they should be able to.
The Melton v. Young case is about a high school student that was suspended for wearing a jacket with a Confederate flag. The issue that was discussed is, whether or not the school officials could suspend a student for wearing Confederate flag. The clothing sparking racial tension was also discussed. The racial tension from the previous year was an argument for the defense because it can be said that the jacket could have refueled this. The defense also stated that the Melton family was informed of the new rules and chose to break them.
Social workers have several responsibilities. They have to provide service, justice, and dignity to a client. They have to possess integrity, competence, and patience. Social workers need to possess knowledge of human rights, and how to perform scientific inquiry. Social workers occasionally have cases in which problems ensue and a solution is not found within a certain time frame.
The years of 1924-9 for Germany were years of deceptive stability. Stability refers to a well established and firm state. In this context, stability within Germany would be a firmly established political system, a strong economy, no threats from external forces and no major divisions which would have massive implications on Germany. Germany appeared to be in a state of economic recovery but had concealed the ulterior fundamental problems that continued to exist. Germany’s economy as an entirety and parts of German society were still suffering.
The following essay will outline the variances of two case” Illinois v. Gates and Spinelli v. United States. It will discuss the Supreme Court requires to establish probable cause for a warrant. Illinois v. Gates In Illinois v. Gates, law enforcement received a letter (that was anonymous) stating that the Gate family was in the drug transporting business, and operating between the states of Florida and Illinois. Upon investigation, law enforcement discovered that Gates had made the purchase of an Air Line ticket, traveling to Florida.
What do pro forma financial statements show? There are various things Pro forma financial statement shows but first, let’s understand the word pro forma which means a financial statement based on projection and assumption of what the business future would be to determine what should be happening now. Pro forma financial statement can be thought of as a “Projected results for financial statements in the future, given assumptions about what will happen in the meantime” (Siegel & Yacht, 2009, p. 81).
Read Case 10-2, Welge v. Planters Lifesavers, on page 243. What theory of liability did Justice Posner use in finding the defendant liable? Judge Posner used the strict product liability theory in finding the defendant liable (Herron, 2011). Under the strict product liability theory, K-Mart (seller) would be held liable for defects in their products even if those defects were not introduced by them; also for failing to discover them during production (Herron, 2011).
Baby in hand, Hauptmann flew down the ladder of the Lindbergh mansion on a dreadful and dreary night that would evolve into one of America’s most famous court cases to impact the judicial system. The United States court system is designed to regulate and enforce the laws and rights of American people (Powell). It supports state, local, and tribal attempts to limit and prevent crime (Powell). The main goal of each court case— a legal battle between a defendant and a plaintiff— is justice (Powell). An example of the judicial system working the way it is supposed to is the case of the state of New Jersey versus Bruno Richard Hauptmann (Linder).
Executive Summary Lehman Brothers were an investment bank involved in transactions worth billions of dollars and one of the most powerful investment banks in the world. Lehman Brothers collapsed in 2008 following bad investment in the sub-prime mortgage market and used bad accounting practices called Repo 105 transactions to try and cover up the bad assets. This report sets out the use of the fraud triangle when describing the actions which led to the collapse. The pressure applied on the bank, the opportunity due to the lack of regulation to carry out the actions and the ability of the bank to rationalise their decision making.
As big data things continue to grow in this modern era, today we can learn how to predict or assume anything that will happen in the future with data from the past. This studies known as Predictive Analytics. Predictive analytics combine methods from machine learning, data mining and statistics to find meaning or pattern from a huge volume of data. Tom H Davenport, a senior advisor at Deloitte Analytics has broken down three primer models on doing predictive analytics: the data, statistics, and assumptions.
The process starts with reviewing the current operations, past experiences and subsequently identifying what needs to be improved. Secondly, planning needs envisioning the results that the project wants to achieve, and the steps or activities required to arrive at success, i.e. fulfilling the mission of the project. Scheduling is a tool to plan and monitor the progress of the project. The case study, “The Boeing 767: From Concept to Production”, gives an overview of the planning efforts and how the team managed and controlled schedules using various techniques.