Building Life cycle
The international Standard Organization defines Life Cycle as “consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal” (ISO, 2006, p. 2). Buildings, likes every other product are passing through different phases during life time starting with the transportation and processing of raw materials and transformation into building materials, followed by the construction and related activities, then the operation and maintenance phase, including water and energy consumptions, waste production, repair and replacement of defects and the finally, the end of life including the consumption of energy for the demolition and waste produced, and disposal of waste (Bayer, Gentry, & Joshi, 2010). From the facility management handbook, it can be derived that life cycle of a building is comprised of four major phases; Planning,
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if properly conducted, life cycle cost assessments supports the decision-making process and comparison between different alternatives for the same requirements. Furthermore, life cycle costing is an essential tool in promoting green buildings as such philosophy in construction coupled with advancements of technology can make huge savings over the life cycle in comparison to traditional constructions and operations (Cotos, Roper, & Payant, 2010). Ali A. A., Negm, Bady, & Ibrahim cited James Parker and Paul Cropper that Life Cycle Assessment was developed by professionals of multi-discipline to minimize effects of manufacturing (Ali A. A., Negm, Bady, & Ibrahim). Life Cycle assessment remains the most complete tool to perform an environmental performance evaluation (Asdrubali, Baldassarri, & Fthenakis, 2013). Nevertheless, Life Cycle Assessment remains theoretical rather than practically applied (Cotos, Roper, & Payant,
Displaced from their homeland, many of the old traditions and practices of Hmong refugees are re-established in their new abodes in Washington Park. They reproduce their home in alien buildings built by 20th Century German Americans. Duplexes, four-squares, and Victorian cottages become stage sets where daily life and practices of Hmong families unfold, where memories and practices from the past are enacted and remembered. Buildings are cultural products—the interior layout of rooms, the relationship between various interior spaces, the visual and architectural character reflect the cultural values of those who built these structures. Doors, walls, entrances act as boundaries between various social domains— public, private, male, female, nature, culture, leisure, and recreation.
CASBEE has the highest number of assessment categories that concentrated on more technical issues with respect to sustainable design. BREEAM and GreenStar systems follow CASBEE in this sense that they have significant number of assessment categories, too. At the first glimpse, the number of assessment categories of LEED could draw a conclusion that LEED is not sufficient enough to assess the selected building’s performance in terms of sustainable design; but when analyzed deeply by looking at all the separate assessment categories and credits of the four building assessment systems, it is seen that the assessment categories of LEED is a combination of the major sustainable criterions that is represented in six assessment categories. The assessment categories of LEED are summarized versions of all the assessment categories of the other building assessment systems mentioned in the
Home improvement is an enormous business. Many people are interested in investing in this kind of business because it is one of the basic needs for a human to survive. Under a great pressure from competitions, the organization needs to make their business sustainable to ensure healthy of future generations. The essential part of growing the business is not just about making a profit, it's about how well managing the business efficiently. There was the theory that coined by John Elkington in 1994.
Chapter 1: PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 1.1 WHAT IS PROPERTY MANAGEMENT? Property Management is the operation, control and oversight of a residential, commercial and/or industrial property. The property manager acts on behalf of the owner to preserve the value of the property owned. In return for fee or a percentage of the rent brought in from the property, the property manager provides services to the owner for different types of properties including residential and vacation properties, commercial retail spaces and industrial warehouses.
Describe the auspices of your agency (i.e. public, private-non-profit, proprietary, etc.) BUILD is a non-for profit 401c3 agency that consist of many high impact programs to help improve the lives of the at risk youth in the communities it serves. All funds that are donated or earned at BUILD is used to successfully pursue the organizations mission.
The built environment is a resources, services and infrastructure designed and made by the human to facilitate and support their life activities. Built environment may include all types of infrastructures included but not limited: roads, sewerage system, drainage, district cooling, buildings, railway lines, green areas and all other resources that make life easy and reduce the waste by recycling or treatment. There are so many schemes and researched are built in order to measure, improve the communities and environment. One of these systems is LEED “Leader ship in Energy and Environmental Design” which had been found in US as equivalent system to UK system BREEAM which was developed base on BREEAM
• The expected life of property might shift the burden to later stages as the life of the project increases. • A very important aspect of sustainability is the ‘closed loop’ system. Sustainable construction practices may warrant that materials and land may be reused or made useful for other purposes at the end of a project’s life. As this is a consequence that cannot be predicted at the moment of commissioning a building, the whole chain of the construction industry has to adopt sustainability
Adaptive reuse is the process of reinventing pre-existing buildings that are no longer in use. Once a building ceases to serve its original function, it may be repurposed for another use while still conserving and maintaining integral aspects of its architecture. It is about making use of what we already have and for this to be done, the potential for such reuse needs to be confirmed at the outset- to assess the possibilities of reuse as well as to ensure that the worth of the property does not diminish. At the most basic level, adaptive reuse may be compared to concepts such as recycling, reuse and upcycling.
One of the most common drawbacks of the energy efficient construction is the high cost of enforcing. Although the additional costs are required to build and plan such buildings, they are balanced out by saving on energy expenditure; while, it is still extra money provided to build; thus, additional cost is valid criticism. In addition to this, building materials are not always available. The most noticeable negative feature of energy efficient construction is the environmental concern. Although it is environmentally friendly which produces less carbon emissions, it has slight unfavorable effects on the human health.
Sustainability: If you take a look around at what’s really happening in our world, there’s an inescapable pattern of ‘what’s going on is simply unsustainable’ and in other words, it can’t go on for much longer. Sustainability is to “meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. As cities began to grow with the population increase, the need for a sustainable development became more apparent as resources began to diminish in quantity and value. Left to it’s own devices, the Earth is a sustainable system.
A home is a place where you normally relax after leaving your workplace. This is the reason why most homeowners value their homes. Some of them normally consider renovating their homes from time to time. Others, usually choose to hire professionals to paint their homes and so forth. Home maintenance is not an easy task.
Eco friendly building materials are made from renewable and also
One of the foundations of sustainable development is efficient environmental management (UNEP 2002). However, balancing the needs of current generations without compromising the environment for future generations poses to be quite problematic. A number of environmental decision-making instruments have been developed in an attempt to ensure that development is sustainable. One of the most popular of these is environmental impact assessment (EIA). This essay will be based on the strengths and limitations of an Environmental Impact Assessment.
An introduction to highway building: Although there are many methods to constructing a road, all are based on the principle that geographical objects are removed and replaced with harder and more wear-resistant materials. The pre-existing rock and earth is removed by digging or explosions. Tunnels, embankments and bridge are then added when necessary. The material that the road is being constructed from is then laid by various pieces of equipment, which will be looked at in greater detail in this assignment. The construction management of roads has become increasingly more difficult as larger structures are constantly being required in increasingly short amounts of time.
Carbon emissions and GHG present a negative externality towards the global environment, yet these GHG emissions are not easily captured or represented in monetary terms. Several Methods have been used to estimate the value of carbon emissions that might arise from capital protects (Comhar. 2008): Marginal Abatement Cost of Carbon (MAC) or Avoidance Cost, and Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) or Damage Cost techniques. The social cost of carbon has been defined as the full effect on social welfare of emitting an extra ton of carbon (as carbon dioxide) at some point in time, over the lifetime of that ton in the atmosphere. The SCC measures the full global cost today of an incremental unit of carbon emitted now to the full global cost of the damage