The aim of this report is to determine the relationship between the Non performing loans and some of the macroeconomic variables such as Interest rate, Gross domestic product and Money supply.
SCENARIO ANALYSIS IN STRESS TESTING
The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 brought attention towards the establishment of financial system that has ability to withstand during the economic crisis. In response to the global crisis and to stable financial condition in many countries, a practice is developed, known as stress testing that is seen as an optimistic tool for managing risk. Stress testing is a risk management technique used by financial institutions to quantify the extent to which different financial crisis effect the given portfolio. In present years, many efforts are
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Capital adequacy of a bank’s capital is measured by its capital adequacy ratio (CAR). CAR ensures that bank possess sufficient capital to tolerate a reasonable amount of looses and is able to fulfill its obligations with legal capital requirement. Banks having lower CAR (below statutory level) can’t expand their operations without having adequate capital. State bank of Pakistan (SBP) allowed large banks to perform scenario analysis, owning total assets of 4% or above in banking system and banks holding a share of less than 4% perform sensitivity analysis.
INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND THEIR RELATION WITH NPLs:
Macro economics variable are pointers or principle sign spots flagging the present pattern in the economy that is the reason they are in charge of the changes in the economy of any nation. So it is important to handle these variables in a well manner to keep economic condition well balanced.
Some of the macroeconomic variables that we discussed in the report are:
Interest rate
Gross domestic product
Money
Along with new techniques in the
The Stock market crash of 1929 was one of the first reasons why the Great Depression began. The stock market crash lasted ten days where the value of stocks quickly dropped as investors sold off their stock in droves. Because the negative components from the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt felt it was his job to cure America’s Great Depression. A small group of intelligent minds from leading American Universities, known as the Brain Trust, were hired by Roosevelt to come up with strategies to deal with the Great Depression crisis.
This new common sense greatly reflected Keynesian views of the economy. Not only did this new common sense become popular in the United States, but it also became popular throughout the world. Many countries began to adopt this new common sense, especially after World War II. Globally, there was a common agreement on the belief that government intervention in the market was not a bad thing, but an essential key factor in maintaining a healthy economy. Following Keynes’s ideologies, the United States government increased the budget deficit to help other countries whose economies were destroyed by the war recover their economies.
The Federal Reserve runs and manages our economy on a daily basis, including the regulation of tax rates and controlling how much cash have in circulation. In the US economy, “[the]
Another major factor is the six components of the economy that must be addressed: taxes, inflation, unemployment, interest rates, debt, and the stock market. Additionally, the president needs to deal with other domestic and foreign policies that will create the legacy of this president. Unfortunately, not all presidents successfully meet all of the necessary means of being a president and eventually worsen the state of the country.
In chapter 8, the core economic principle that displays itself often is The Consequences of Choices Lie in the Future. This principle presents the idea that what we are doing in today’s economy will have an impact on the future. Whether it is decisions on cutting benefits or raising taxes, any of these could cripple our futures economy. In the chapter, it discusses the fiscal policy and how it saved America’s economy after the depression. By monitoring the nation 's spending budget and taxes, so another depression or a recession does not occur.
Introduction The central bank of the United States was founded by Congress to provide a safe, flexible and stable monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve carries out the nation’s monetary strategy guided by the goals set forth in the Federal Reserve Act, namely "to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. " The central bank, also known as the Federal Reserve System is made of a central governmental agency in Washington, DC, the Board of Governors and 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Body
Hard work is essential, ultimately, helping us to
“The First Day” by Edward P. Jones is a short story written in 1992. The short story is about an African American mother taking her young daughter to school for the first time. The daughter becomes ashamed of her mother because she sees where her education level is at. The mother is also ashamed of herself because she didn’t get education throughout her life. In “The First Day” the opening scene sets the tone for challenging the status quo and creating a life of success.
To conduct the nation’s monetary policy is to “promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates in the U.S. economy;” (Board). The Federal Reserve promotes the stability of the financial system. Promoting the stability of the financial system is to seek to “minimize and contain systemic risks through active monitoring and engagement in the U.S. and abroad;” (Board). The Federal Reserve promotes the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions, “and monitors their impact on the financial system as a whole;” (Board). The Federal Reserve “fosters payment and settlement system safety and efficiency through services to the banking industry and the U.S. government that facilitate U.S.-dollar transactions and payments;” and “promotes consumer protection and community development through consumer-focused supervision and examination, research and analysis of
Due to the common occurrence of recessions, americans now spend wisely and think about the future for their families (document f) .Unfortunately some baby boomers and caregivers worry about retirement because of the recession's impact on the economy(document e). Banks have now become stable and require a rigorous program on mortgage so they will avoid another downfall. The Great Recession could have been easily been avoided if the government had maintained and organized the economy more efficiently.
His book titled “The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money” was published in 1936 i.e. during the Great Depression and became the basis of modern macroeconomics. Keynes supports government intervention during economic turmoil in the capitalist economy. Keynes believed that it was the role of the state to build a bridge between the economy’s potential and its actual output during any financial crisis. His book “General Theory” was written during the period of great depression and was mainly the product of his prolonged study of unemployment in Britain. The post World War II era witnessed abrupt changes in the area of economic development.
The events of the 1980s and early 1990s do not appear to have been consistent with the hypotheses of either the monetarist or new classical schools. New Keynesian economists have incorporated major elements of the ideas of the monetarist and new classical schools into their formulation of macroeconomic
This enables wage and income earners, producers etc to take pre-emptive action. Some of the measures are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) etc - Forecasting: This is necessary to predict the possible future trend of the economy so as to enhance overall efficiency of the economy. This may be short term, medium term as well as long