Annotated Bibliography

ABSRACT Clinical practice guideline having much importance to improve the patient care outcomes and safety from complications. Nurses role as health care provider, depend on multi-disciplinary knowledge and experience to use of clinical practice guidelines to promote their nursing practices. Nursing staff adherence to clinical practices guidelines is help in improving patient safety in hospital. The purpose of this study is exploring the factors that promotes and inhibit adherence to clinical practices. This research based on systematic literature review and quantitative evaluation of research results.

On another hand studies clarified which factors impact the quality of nursing care from the Patient’s opinion , e.g. environment factors, patient awareness, nurse–patient relationship and personality/behavior . ( Williams 2004 ). also , wasted nursing care had important impact on nurse-reported counter events such as hospital acquired infections, patients taking error medications or dosage , and more accident of patient falls causing injury. The quality of care on the basis of nursing care insufficiency was also explored and indicated that a important relationship presented between quality care and patient safety ratings .

For example Challenging behaviour Learning disabilities Analyse the use of strategies to support service users with specific communication needs For example Alzheimer’s Dementia Explain how the communication process is influenced by values and cultural factors Explain how legislation, charters and codes of practice impact on the communication processes in health and social care Pick different sets of legislation and explain how each Law – group of laws Charters - for example CQC - Voices into Action Department of Health Information charter Codes of practice Health and care professions council standards of proficiency for social workers Nursing and midwifery code of conduct Caldicott principles Organisational codes of practice For example whistleblowing Complaints Record keeping Health and safety (fire safety) Always putting the service user at the centre For example Children act 1989 – All children are entitled to an advocate – gets a voice All children get a befriender, independent visitor Wishes and feelings are respected by people Looked after children Welfare checklist Parental responsibility Disclosure of information UNCRC – united nations convention on the rights of a

“The environment includes focal, contextual and residual stimuli. A focal stimulus is the confrontation with one’s internal and external environment. The individual immediately resists these internal and external stimuli” (Ursavaş, Karayurt, & İşeri, 2014, p.136). The Adaptation model is the brainchild of Sister Callista Roy. In the mid 1970’s, Roy, a professor at Mount Saint Mary’s College, felt that nursing needed to be more than a person who monitored vital signs and handed out medication for patients recovering from illness in the hospital.

Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory is one such nursing theory that has been reworked to take into account the changes in our world, while still maintaining the initial framework (Taylor & Renpenning, 2011). Purpose of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory Dorothea Orem (as cited in Taylor & Renpenning, 2011) described her purpose in formalizing the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory as a way of defining the structure of nursing and explaining knowledge, rules and roles of nursing. Orem was attempting to answer the question of why, when and how a nurse is needed in the care of a patient (Smith & Parker, 2015). According to Younas (2017), self-care deficit nursing theory is also a practical effort to delineate the patient role along with that of the nurse. The purpose of this theory, being to define both nurse and patient roles and nursing as a profession, is seen as a strength of the self-care deficit nursing theory.

Patient safety has received much recognition after the Institute of Medicine’s publication of “To err is to human: building a safer health system” , patient safety includes the avoidance, prevention and amelioration of adverse events emanating from health care delivery procedures and it comprises of systems of patient care, error reporting, and starting new systems aimed at reducing risk of errors in patient care as well as care functions which nursing has sole responsibility (Berland et al., 2012). The common media for the transmission of HCAIs are the hands of healthcare professionals, from patient to patient and within the care environment (Allegranzi & Pittet 2009). Patient safety is the ‘’patient’s freedom from unnecessary real or potential

Reed’s process model for clinical specialty education and psychiatric mental health nursing practice articulates relationships among the metaparadigm constructs of health, persons and their environments, and nursing activity (Smith & Liehr, 2014). Self-transcendence theory delineates specific concepts from Reed’s process model: constructs of health (i.e., well-being), a person (i.e., self-transcendence), and environment (i.e., vulnerability), and it proposes relationships among these concepts to direct nursing activities (1986, 1987). Reed (1991) and Coward and Reed (1996) have suggested nursing activities that facilitate the expansion of self-conceptual boundaries journaling, art activities, meditation, life review, and religious expression,

The theoretical framework gives a detailed reason to why the highlighted research ques-tion exists. Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing is the theoretical framework relat-ing to this research because the theory is further divided into three sub-theories in which requisite are line with the following: Individual stages of development and goals, Health conditions, Developmental states, Energy consumption and expenditure, Atmospheric conditions and also the theory gives room to investigate possible causes of malnutrition alongside nurse’s intervention by assessing the need for care, approaches and required interventions. According Orem in 2001, nursing can be viewed as part of the health sector that provides authorized care to individuals.

To help caregivers understand the importance of their role in controlling hypertension in CKD. 3. TO determine how to improve the management of hypertension in CKD patients and overall quality of life on the patients. 1.7 SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research is limited to National Hospital Abuja. The questions in the questionnaire are capable of illuminating sufficient information on the phenomenon under investigation.

Abstract This reflective paper imposes that nurses, including me, need to be able to make drug calculations and correct medication administration. A medication error serves as leading medical cause of patient’s safety or even its life. As a result, correct medication administration should be a focus of nursing education. Nursing students including myself have difficulty learning math calculation skills which relate to medication. Evidence-based resources/books are available to prevent medication error, strategies to be used to ensure correct medication administration and high alert medication require extra caution when administering can improve the student nurse’s ability to think analytically and solve medication administration problems.

The “Evidence-Based Practice: Step by Step” articles, by the American Journal of Nursing explains how quality of care is improve though evidence based practice. By preforming the step method of approach, nurses can gain the ability to conduct an effective search for data to improve patient conditions. In order to apply the steps of evidence based practice, the article follows a case scenario of a nurse named Rebecca, though some of the following steps. The articles stated that there are seven steps in the process, beginning with step zero, which states that the nurse must have a “spirit of inquiry” in order to determine that there is a need for an intervening question. This is necessary, because nurses become complacent with outdated methods