Ontology Ontoology

1.1 Introduction Ontology is well documented and easily understandable architecture of the Semantic Web, while they give the basis for automated analysis in a domain by declaring the existing entities and their relations hold between those entities. Markup languages allowed such analysis, particularly the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and its extensions, including the Web Ontology Language (OWL), much in the way that HTML currently enables the display and connecting of Web documents. Then retrieve and analyse data on the semantic web. Ontologies help to improve the communication between several human artists and between humans and then to carry out in computer systems. Ontologies include concepts arranged in class/sub-class hierarchy, their

Ontologies are independent from the applications and they describe a list of terms. It can provide a proper semantics that can be worked to process and integrate information on the web. In general, ontology is the philosophical study of being, becoming, existence or reality of nature and their relationship. The major branch of philosophy is known as metaphysics, ontology focuses on existing entities and its grouping, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. Ontology is a domain that can be very narrow, broad, abstract, very personal, and

Type, cardinality, and domain are comes under the restrictions of concept properties.Ontology provides the means for describing explicitly the conceptualization behind the knowledge base. It proposes extracting the ontology from a knowledge base. Ontologies are widely used for different purposes such as nature language processing, knowledge management, e-commerce, intelligent integration of information, and the Semantic web, etc. these are used in different communities that is knowledge engineering, databases and software engineering. Ontologies are important for creating an effective knowledge representation system, and vocabulary which is to perform an effective ontological analysis of field, or domain. It enables knowledge sharing and capturing the basic conceptual structure of the domain. Ontology necessarily involves some sort of world view with respect to given domain. The world view is often conceived as a set of concepts (attributes, entities, and processes), their definition and inter-relationship. This is referred to as a conceptualization. In addition, Ontology gives importance not only in the field of Artificial Intelligence but also in the fields like Information Organization, Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Knowledge Representation, and Knowledge