Pathophysiology Essay

Pathophysiology: Increased bone resorption or decreased bone, aging because of decreasing supply of osteoblasts, estrogen deficiency, Calcium deficiency, Vitamin D deficiency, Bone fractures,
Etiology: Low peak bone mass, being a women, smaller body frame size, lowered sex hormones, excess thyroid, low calcium intake, eating disorders, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use.
Manifestations: Back pain, loss of height, stooped posture, bone fractures occur easily.
Possible complications: Bone fractures in spine or hip.
Treatments: Walking, & Medication

Pathophysiology: Vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcaemia, renal phosphorus loss, decreased calcium in bone, calcification of osteoid.
Etiology: Lack of Vitamin D from sunlight or foods, Problems with Vitamin D absorption: Celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, and kidney problems

Possible complications: Failure to grow, skeletal deformities, abnormally curved spine, dental defects, seizures.
Treatment: Vit D & Calcium supplements, special bracing or surgery for spinal deformities

Pathophysiology: synovial hypertrophy, chronic joint inflammation, Abnormal production of many cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators, destruction of various tissues, like bone, tendons, ligaments, & blood vessels.
Etiology: Genetics, hyperprolactinemia, and infectious agents, like Mycoplasma, EBV, and rubella virus.
Manifestations: Tender, warm, swollen joints, morning stiffness, firm bumps of tissue under arm skin, fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
Possible complications: Osteoporosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, hardened and blocked arteries, heart inflammation, & lung