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Legume Family

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This study focusses on green beans (or snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) harvested for their fresh pods intended for export. Both are member of the legume family. In what follows a concise overview is provided on their origin, phylogeny, physiology, ecological requirements and cultivation. Illustrations and tabulated summaries of the characteristics of these crops are present in ANNEX Nmbr. First an outline is given on the legume family and biological nitrogen fixation.
1.2.1. The legume family
The legume family (Fabaceae, Leguminosae or Papilionaceae) are second only to grasses (Gramineae) in the importance to humans (Graham, 2003). The family belongs to the Fabales order (Angiosperms) and is the third largest flowering …show more content…

These soil bacteria trigger development of a root nodule (Figure 9) and infect the legume’s plant tissue, usually at root hairs. Within the nodule, the bacterium surrounds itself with plant membrane and nutrient exchange is established. The bacteria brings fixed N to the plant while in turn it receives sugars and is safeguarded within the nodule (Steen Jensen & Hauggaard-Nielsen, 2003). Once established, the N fixation process can be haltered by drought, excessive moisture, extreme temperatures, soil acidity, N fertilization and limitation of other nutrients (mainly soil phosphorus …show more content…

A complex combination of plant flavonoids and bacterial carbohydrates play a role in bacterium-host recognition. Although rhizobia are widely present in soils, inoculation of the seeds with correct strains increases chances of successful infection. This practice is widely spread in most common legume crops. Thies et al (1991) found yields to differ with 62% between non-inoculated and inoculated legume plots. Their multi-site experiment comprised seven legume species in three different treatments (inoculated, fertilized and non-inoculated non-fertilized) in Hawaii. Interesting was the inverse relation between the response to inoculation and the number of indigenous rhizobia. Presence of indigenous rhizobia in the soil can thus interfere with rhizobium inoculation and halter its effectiveness (Thies, Singleton, & Bengohlool B, 1991).
P. vulgaris is known to be compatible with a wide set of bacteria including strains in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, often dependent on plant variety. In its region of origin Rhizobium etli is the predominant rhizobia found to associate with both wild and cultivated green bean. P. sativum is known to associate with Rhizobium strains only, in cultivation most commonly with R. leguminosarum (Aguilar, Riva, Peltzer, & Tiedje, 2004; Andrews & Andrews,

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