When making decisions regarding who to choose as our next elected officials, one of the first qualities we scrutinize is their judgment, using our own judgment to do so. However, in a nonsecular society in which judgment of a religious authority is essentially the judgment of a divine power, there is significantly less room for scrutiny. The authority of any figure with political power stems from the judgment of the community over which it rules. For instance, if the community believes in the absolute authority of God, then the judgment of God is what gives the judgment of the church or any religious leader authority. A large aspect of the authority that made the Catholic Church such a prominent religious and political force during the early 16th century was called into question by Martin Luther. In his 95 Theses, Luther asserts that “those who preach indulgences are in error” (Luther, Thesis 21) and that the pope does not have “the power to remit any penalties beyond those imposed at his own discretion or by …show more content…
By questioning the sale of indulgences and arguing that the pope does not have complete authority over forgiveness of sins and, to a larger extent, salvation, Luther established a precedent for the word of the Church to be called into question rather than it having absolute authority. Given that Luther opens his 95 Theses with “out of love and concern for the truth,” it is clear that his intentions are not necessarily to completely undermine the authority of the Catholic Church, but rather to open a dialogue between the Catholic Church and its faithful on what is actually true in regards to God. The collective judgment of the Catholic community, particularly those who did not have positions of power in the Church, would then have a much greater effect on the direction in which the Catholic Church took than it would have before Luther’s 95 Theses.
At the year 1524, Martin Luther, a significant figure in the Reformation and the founder of Lutheranism, had just finished hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Saxony castle after the Edict of Worms declared that he was an “outlaw” of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s action that led up to this event was the publication of the 95 Theses in 1517, which denounced indulgences and attacked the corruption of the papacy. Luther was able to remain hidden due to the extreme decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V could not devote much of his attention to Luther, as he was controlling Spain, The Holy Roman Empire, and the New World.
A large portion of this pertained to the Catholic church selling indulgences which were, as described by the Church, a full or partial pardoning of sin that could be used to free anyone of transgression, especially late friends and family. One reading explains that a huge problem in Luther’s eyes was that people no longer felt that they had to go any further for forgiveness once an indulgence was purchased because they saw it as a “catch-all” system. People could pay for salvation instead of relying on faith. Luther believed sola fida, that Christ’s salvation should be achieved through faith alone, and not by giving the church money (moodle reading April
13-1 Martin Luther Takes a Stand Martin Luther, Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences (1517) Many interpret the thesis 36 of Luther as an attack on the papacy because the thesis 36 indirectly denied the right to remit plenarily the punishment and guilt, which only place in the pope. 1.
In the sixteenth century, the world was divided about Martin Luther. One Catholic thought Martin Luther was a "demon in the appearance of a man." Another who first questioned Luther's theology later declared, "He alone is right!"(Witherington, 1992). Both Catholics and Protestants affirm he was not only right about a great deal, but he changed the course of Western history for the better. Luther saw how the Old Testament law against idols and the New Testament emphasis on justification by faith alone are essentially the same.
Martin Luther, a German professor and monk, made a large impact on society in the fifteen hundreds. His new ideas of Christianity changed the concept of how religion was viewed and practiced in the 16th century. Within his Ninety-five Theses, he questioned the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and brought to light the corruption surrounding the church while stating how Christianity should be practiced in different ways rather than what is being taught. It is important to understand his stances on religion to explain how different groups reacted to his ideas. While some parts of Europe accepted his ideologies into practice, others reject Luther for many different reasons.
In his second hearing, Luther says “through the Pope’s laws and man-made teachings the consciences of the faithful have been most pitifully ensnared, troubled, and racked in torment.” This proves that he was attacking the corrupted Church’s teachings and practices that damaged faith, rather than the clergy itself. Furthermore, Luther says “they themselves by their own laws take care to provide that the Pope’s laws and doctrines are contrary to the Gospel or the teachings of the Fathers are to be considered as erroneous and reprobate.” His statement shows that the Church at that time cared more about the Pope’s laws rather than the teachings of the Bible. This justifies his teachings because he wanted to start a discussion and be proven wrong by the Bible, not the corrupt Church that damaged faith and put their laws above
Martin Luther was Augustin monk who was sent to Rome as a reward for all his hard work and dictation to his faith. When he arrived in Rome notice all the corruption of the Catholic Church by selling Indulgence (Remission before God of a temporal punishment due to one’s own sins, but they are already forgiven) this was not the primary issue Luther had with the Church. Desiderius Erasmus one of Europe most famous and influential scholar agrees with Martin Luther in some of his arguments. They agree upon that “no one has enough merits to save themselves” anyone who donated to the Catholic Church in either their time or money would receive a reduced sentence in purgatory after they die for the sins they committed. The Church was drawing from the
In “The 95 Theses,” the many focus of most of the theses was to warn people about how indulgences were a scam. Number eighty-one, “This unbridled preaching of indulgences makes it difficult for learned men to guard therespect due to the pope against false accusations, or at least from the keen criticisms of the laity.” Basically, saying how since the Pope is just handing out these fake indulgences, how can people know when to trust him? Even if Martin Luther was looking out for his fellow peasants, it still goes against the ruling of promoting religious heresy against the Church. In this case, it doesn’t matter the motive, it matters if Luther committed the crime, which he had.
His statement is giving freedom for people to read and understand the bible for themselves for the first time ever. He believed that people should be in charge of their church not the Pope. According to Luther, “...the Pope and his followers are wicked and not true Christians, and not being taught by God, have no true understanding.” (Luther 5) This proclamation declares that Luther considers the Pope and his follower to have no true understanding of God, because they have not been taught by God himself.
An indulgence was a donation to the church that came with a promise from the pope to reduce a sinner’s time in purgatory. Seeing his parishioners handing over money they did not have, did not sit well with Luther. All for a paper that he believed to be pointless. So he replied with the 95 Theses against indulgences and then placed them to the church door for all to see on October 31, 1517. This led to a number of debates with other men of the strong opinion, during this time Luther 's positions became increasingly harsh.
(Merriam and Webster Dictionary.) Luther challenged existing religious conditions and institutions by presenting evidence from the scripture that proved that the papacy had no control over a man’s grace, and therefore indulgences were
Luther was the most influential reformer of his time. Luther believed the Church was corrupt, and had formulated his own ideas about how the Church could keep its moral reputation. Luther formulated many ideas but at the center of it all were his ideas of sola fide, sola gratia, and sola scriptura. Luther believed that the addition of these ideas to the Church’s teachings would teach people the correct and true way to attain salvation, but also help the Church become morally good again. Sola fide, sola gratia, and sola scriptura are Latin word which mean by faith alone, by grace alone, and by scripture alone respectively.
Martin Luther was strict about these rules of the Protestant Reformation. He felt that people should confess their sins, and depending on how bad the sin is, he thinks that God should judge it. Simultaneously, he didn’t believe that “indulgences,” or state of satisfaction, can pay off the price for one’s sin because he believes that it is not holy nor righteous (“Martin Luther”). In the end, this movement was spread to many countries of Europe such as Germany, Switzerland, Spain, and many
Through “The Ninety-Five Theses,” Luther specifies the flaws of these indulgences that had been issued by the Church. Within the first few arguments Luther mentions how the pope does not have any power to remit the guilt of a sinner directly but only through God and his representative, a priest. In Luther’s fifth argument he stated, “The pope has neither the will nor power to remit any penalties beyond those imposed either at his own discretion or by canon law.” Luther then follows up with his sixth argument, “the pope himself cannot remit guilt, but only declare and confirm that it has been remitted by God… expect for these cases, the guilt remains untouched,” followed by the seventh where he does mention how it is only through a priest that God can remit guilt upon the sinner. Luther accordingly proceeds to involve the penitential canons of Christianity to validate his thoughts of the power of indulgences to make known that dead equals dead, the church has no more power over the spirit, “death puts an end to all the claims of the church; even the dying are already dead to the canon laws, and are no longer bound by them.”
“Be a sinner and sin strongly, but more strongly have faith and rejoice in Christ.” Martin Luther was a man who knew that no man could be perfect. Luther dedicated his life to studying and practicing Christianity. Martin Luther believed that no man or church had the authority to judge or save a person from sin and that the duty fell to God, and God alone. Luther’s teachings were staunchly against the concept of indulgences created by the Roman Catholic Church to make money and support the church.