Sodium Alginate Extraction

Apparatus- Chromatography column: C18 (10 microns particle size), with Guard column Flow rate: 1.2ml/min Pressure: 30-40kgf Wavelength: 326nm Mobile phase: methanol : water (95:5 v/v) Internal standard: retinyl acetate Injection volume: 20µl Procedure for Retinol extraction from serum samples- 1) 100 µl of serum sample and 100 µl of Retinyl acetate were added into 12 X 100mm glass test tubes. Vortex-mixed for 30 seconds. Then, kept them at 4 C for 5 mins. 2) 1mL of hexane was added and vortex-mixed intermittently for 60 sec. 3) Centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 12 mins.

In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.

In 10 g dried sediment sample added 7 ml 0.2 M NH4Cl solution. A mixture of 100 ml hexane: acetone (1:1) was used as a solvent to extract pesticides with overnight shaking for 12 h on reciprocal or wrist action shaker at 180 rpm. The extract was carefully decanted through activated florisil column (2-3 cm), giving twice wash with25 ml hexane: acetone (1:1) to the sediments. The elute was then washed with 200 ml water and then again aqueous layer was extracted with 50 ml hexane. Finally the hexane layer was washed with 100 ml water and then evaporated to dryness with a vacuum rotary evaporator.

The crude enzyme was precipitated at 70% saturation of ammonium sulfate, and the protein was collected by centrifugation (10,000×g for 10 min). It was suspended in minimal volume of double-distilled water. The precipitate was dialyzed and used for enzyme purification using column chromatography. The dialyzed sample was loaded on DEAE-cellulose column, which was equilibrated previously with the buffer A (50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). The column was washed with the five bed volumes of buffer A, and the enzyme was eluted with buffer A

One millilitreer of the lichen extract (1 mg/mL) in a volumetric flask was diluted with distilled water (46 mL), and the content was mixed in a volumetric flask after adding. oOne millilitreer of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was added and the content of the flask was mixed. thoroughly . After 3 min, 3 mL of 2% sodium carbonate (2 %) was added and then was allowed to standleft for 2 h with intermittent shaking. The reaction absorbance of prepared mixture absorbance was measured at 760 nm in a spectrophotometer (Jenway UK).

Then, water was added dropwise during the mixing process. The above solution converts of colorless to yellow suspension solution which produced TiO2 nanopowder by drying process at 85°C in anstove for 15 hours. Finally, TiO2 nanopowder obtained were treated in furnace at different temperatures (400°C-800°C) for 2 hours. The initial heating rate was maintained at 5 °C/min. 2.3.

Absorption was read by spectrophotometer at wave length (510CHOL) and (505TG). 6. After this we applied the following equation Result = ×CON. standard Extraction of tissue The extract one gram of fat tissue using n hexane, resolve to dissolve tissue homogenizer homogeneity by adding 1 ml of the same solution to become a 3: 1 and continued homogeneity of the sample to become a solution homogeneity. The solution homogeneity expelled, by centrifugation for 10 min.

• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2mM) in phosphate buffer (3.0ml) was taken in an experimental cuvette, followed by the rapid addition of 40μl of enzyme extract and mixed thoroughly. • The time required for a decrease in absorbance by 0.05 units was recorded at 240nm in a spectrophotometer (Genesys 10-S, USA). • The enzyme solution containing H2O2-free phosphate buffer

Then get the Acetic acid and pour exactly 100mL of it into the graduated cylinder (This should almost fill it up). When that is completed repeat steps 1 and 2 four more times, which would mean five graduated cylinders of 100mL of Acetic acid. Part 3: Carrying out the reaction Wash the 250mL-beaker and dry it with paper towels. Add one of the 4.2 grams of catalyst (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) that has been obtained in step one into the beaker. Making sure that the beaker is dry before hand.

0,1 gr of kaffir lime oil nanocapsule is weighed and diluted to 100 ml using aquadest, taken as much as 1 ml (100x dilution) to put in the reaction tube then 1ml of saturated NaCO3 solution is added to the test tube and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Then 0.5 ml of the folinciocalteu (Chemix CV, Yogyakarta) reagent and 7.5 ml aquadest were added, the mixture homogenized using vortex and then incubated for 30 min at room temperature under dark environmental conditions. Absorbance of the sample was then measured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 770 nm. The total phenol content of the sample was interpreted to be equivalent to gallic acid based on the standard curve of obtained gallic