Perhaps the most unsettle period in Canadian political history, the Quebec Referendum of 1980 and a vote to the remain part of Canada, led Ottawa to initiate a balancing program to promote Charter Rights, while protecting Quebec’s language and culture. The Meech Lake and the Charlottetown Accord were developed to address this situation. However, through a compare and contrast it can be deduced that the Charlottetown Accord provided the best balance for Charter Rights and Quebec’s need for a distinct society clause.
During the 1960’s Quebec began to argue that it was a distinct society due to their language, culture and history. The Quebecois therefore argued that this claim was valid and its status be indicated in the constitution. Interestingly, the concept of a distinct society has received a mixed reaction from Canadians. Most often, they argue that every province is distinct from another, since their culture, population and regional values and custom all differ from the other provinces in the Confederation. However, the claim that validates Quebec’s notion as a distinct society is their language. Afterall, both accords address the distinct society clause as the link to the fact that Quebec is the only province that has a francophone majority population (textbook Pp.558). Moreover, they both indicate that the it is in the provincial government of Quebec’s interest to protect and promote the French language (textbook Pp.558).
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The reformed constitution is organized around three principles that oppose the recognition of Quebec as a distinct society (textbook Pp.457). The first principle indicates that the equality of all Canadians citizens, second indicates the equality of all cultures and cultural origins in Canada and third the equality of the 10 provinces of
Pros The outcome of the Accords was a legislative framework detailing matters relating to land, membership, financial accounting, and resource development. The Métis got to hammer out documents setting out the structure and powers of the settlement governments. A Métis Settlements Appeal Tribunal was also established, and they were given the right to create judgements relating to land usage, the membership of the Métis settlements, surface rights relating to the land base, and the jurisdiction over many other matters. It is a quasi-judicial body that is funded by Alberta Aboriginal Relations. The Minister and the General Council each appoint a vice-chair and two members, with the chair being appointed by the Minister from a shortlist of nominees
In the text, “Changing Anglo-Quebecer Self Consciousness,” the author, Michael Stein, questions the transformations of political consciousness among English-speaking Quebecers, since the election of the Parti Québécois government in 1976. Early on, key concepts emerge where the author defines the terms “anglophone” and “non-francophone Quebecer” which are mutually used. However, Stein makes a clear differentiation between those who are virtually English-speaking, inclusive of Anglo-Celts, Jews, Germans and other early immigrant arrivals, and those who nevertheless generally utilize their language of origin such as the more recent Italian, Greek, and Portuguese immigrants. Furthermore, the main objective of the text is to bring attention to the often disregarded yet ongoing psychological changes of
“Canada’s road was evolutionary, not revolutionary.” To what extent do you agree with this question? The road to Canada’s independence was evolutionary due to changes and factors such as the formation of the new country, the new leading government and it was mostly made of negotiations to find what will best fit the new country. After the English took over New France, at that time called Lower Canada.
The next thing to consider on Quebec referendum is whether or not the Quebecois are seeking separation or a special recognition as a ‘distinct society’. John C. Parkin’s quote, “The problem for a lot of people is that they don't really know what they want…” best describes the situation the Quebecois are in. In the past two referendums, Quebec emphasized on sovereignty-association and the acceptance of a unique society. During the second referendum, the separatists nearly seceded but was denied by a slight majority of 50.58 percent. According to an article from the Vancouver Sun, many Quebecers seek independence for reasons that are unrelated to economics and the cost of separating.
Introduction Something of an enigma in that he was solidly socialist in his foundational views, themselves built on a Christian ‘social gospel’ which sought to improve industrialised society through the use of the biblical principles of charity and justice, at the same time Tommy Douglas worked with and through the capitalist system that he abhorred. An implicit nationalist in that he held the good of the Canadian people above other countries, Douglas was predominantly anti-liberal as he believed that public ownership was the next evolution of democracy, replacing a system where the “major economic decisions affecting the lives of ordinary people are not made by…the government of this country.” ’ (Aivalis) While he has now passed away his track records in both the national and provincial
Timothy Chua Candidate Number: Word Count: 3,076 Abstract: To what extent was the Act of Union a positive step towards peace for Canada? The essay introduces a very fresh British North America outlining some causes of the mass immigrants coming in, mentioning Loyalists, and Pioneers arriving from Europe.
The result of the Loyalists’ impact on Canada is the creation of a bilingual society in which cultural diversity, religious freedom, educational opportunity and social equity are valued and necessary for social cohesion and the common
The Dominion of Canada was not born because of a revolution, or a sudden outburst of nationalism. Whatsoever, it was created with a series of conferences and orderly negotiations, which eventually formed Canada. The process of negotiating to make Canada happen was not easy. Each colonies/dominions had their own terms and conditions that must be met in order for them to be part of the Canada that is known to us today. Confederation was necessary for Canada because in the 1860s there were many problems amongst the colonies.
The Quiet Revolution prompted Lester B. Pearson to establish the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. It suggested making English and French the official languages of Canada in 1969, a colossal victory for Lesage and his allies, although they were no longer in power. The Lesage
In many countries, conflict between different groups of people is inevitable. In Canada, the divide between English-speaking and French-speaking regions has been a prominent political and cultural topic since the birth of the nation. The most well known of these conflicts goes to Quebec. The province has sprouted several movements and parties supporting the autonomy and independence of Quebec. One of those parties is the Bloc Quebecois.
Montreal, 28th August. A new controversial bill proposed by the sovereigntistParti Quebecois ‘revives’ tensions between English and French-speakers in the Canadian province Quebec. Since the Parti Québécois, that advocates for national sovereignty for the province Quebec, came to power a ’language war’ has been going on. For the political party of René Lévesque was in a new language law in 1976 a high priority.
To call this era of drastic change the ‘Quiet Revolution’ is a vivid, and yet, paradoxical description. The Quiet Revolution was a time of intense socio-political and socio-cultural change in Quebec, which extended beyond Quebec’s borders because of its influence on contemporary Canadian politics. As a result of the effects of the changes that occurred during this Quiet Revolution, most Quebec provincial governments since the early 1960s have maintained political and social orientations based on the core concepts developed and implemented during the Quiet Revolution. As such, there is no doubt that the Quiet Revolution had a significant impact in Canadian History. This impact can be characterized by the prelude to the Quiet Revolution; the demographic evolution of Quebec; the social educational reforms that were put in place; the economic reforms and their impact; the rise of nationalism; and finally, the cultural changes that occurred.
The improvement of the rights of the Canadian Immigrants Canada, as one of the biggest immigration countries, welcomes people from all over the the world and forms a representative multicultural atmosphere in today’s society. Over these few decays, the country has always been consummating the laws to provide immigrants equal rights and freedoms, and better treatments they could receive. However, Canadian immigration laws were not unprejudiced and it eventually caused a “legal discrimination” before 1976. The legal rights of the immigrant groups have improved significantly because of the demands of developing the country, the influences of the wars, and the globalization of the world. Since 1880s, more immigrants and foreigners came to Canada because of the railway construction project.
Institutional and historical analysis often portray the motives of governments, especially in the cases of Quebec separatism and Aboriginal mistreatment. History describes attempts at compromise to rectify the problems by altering political institutions to provide more autonomy to the provinces, witness in various accords and the methods described previously. However, in regards to Aboriginals a historical relationship of exploitation and eradication sheds on the systemic issues that Aboriginals cope with and the institutions that caused them. As scholars of Canadian politics, it is important to consider historical and institutional analyses when looking at any issue, as it reveals the underlying motives of actors in regards to the cleavages that comprise a state.
Before the Charter, many people may argue that Canada was a free and democratic country. Canadians had the freedom of expression, equality and the principles of fundamental justice. What changed with the creation of the Charter was that rights and freedoms were given constitutional status, and judges were given the power to strike down laws that infringed on them. In 1982, most Canadians agreed that the introduction of the Charter was going to monumental. But on the contrary, over 30 years later, numerous laws have been struck down by interpretation of the charter and remedial techniques that have been developed by courts.