Socialism In The Real World

Capitalism according to Marx is a mode of production based on private ownership

Followers of this theory argue the centralisation and concentration of capital visible in the form of TNCs is a key feature of imperialism, whereby dominance is expressed in the global economy. In this case, the state is seen as the representative of class interests rather than the expression of the harmony of communal interests posited by economic

1. Capitalism. An economic scheme based on the personal possession of resources and invention inputs, and on the manufacture of wares and services for revenue. The making of goods and services is based on supply and demand in the common market (market economy), rather than through central planning (planned economy). Capitalism is normally characterized by struggle between producers.

Marx had his own theory of Marxism. This theory encourages the vanguard party to set up a worker’s state that will then set up the conditions for socialism. Marxism considers the loyalty based on class is the most important idea. Marx said that the common values of the industrial workers from the end of the nineteenth century are far stronger than other values. Now back to Leninism.

Legally it is a system of objective laws ( rule of law as opposed to rule of man ). Economically, when such a freedom applied to the sphere of production its result is the free market." ( capitalism.org ) With the advent of Industrial Revolution in the 18th century there occurred a transition from Feudalism towards Capitalism. This transition was smoothly unleashed by the spirit of nationalism which culminated into the formation of modern nation states. Liah Greenfeld defines Nationalism as "a fundamentally secular and humanistic consciousness based on the principle of popular sovereignty and egalitarianism" .(Greenfeld, "Nationalism and the Mind")

This essay will explain and discuss Marx's concept of wage labor and the worker's relationship with the capitalist as he describes in in 'wage labour and capital'. It will elaborate on Marx's definitions on such topics such as what wages really and labour really are. What are wages? To Marx wages are the sum of money a capitalist paid by the capitalist for a particular labour time or for a particular output of labour.

Karl Marx introduced the theory of class struggle during the industrialisation period that emphasised on one’s financial status. However in this contemporary society, Marx’s monolithic theory fails to encompass other aspects of social life. Building upon Marx’s theory of class struggle, Pierre Bourdieu sets out to rethink the factors involved in the stratification of classes. The addition of cultural capital to economic capital was amongst the many capitals Bourdieu suggested in determining the class of an individual in this society where ‘capital’ is interpreted as a “set of actually usable resources and power” (Bourdieu, 1979, p.114) that allows one to invest and gain returns. Economic capital is wealth and income one accumulates, while cultural

Marxism reframes economic relationships to be at the core of human history, focusing on the innate need for material items. Placing economic relationships at the core of human history, Marxism focuses on the innate need for material items while simultaneously emphasizing the relationship between industry and exchange to understand humanity. Marx recognized three epochs of history, including, tribal phase, feudal phase, and capitalist phase. Following these stages, Marx theory leads to a conscious revolution from the repressed class. Once the revolution has taken place, the final stage of human history leads to socialism.

Adorno and Horkheimer elucidated the cultural industry in the capitalist society as a condition of enlightenment that has taken over the social life of human by rationality. (Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno, 1972) The concept of cultural industry is a main aspect of late capitalism in which it markets the production of culture that is in opposition to “authentic culture”. (Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno, 1972) Unlike the “authentic culture” which is not goal-oriented, culture industry is subjected to economic success and profit maximization (also, the main focus of capitalism).

Karl Marx According to Scott(2006) economy is at the centre of Marx’ sociological theories; he considered society to be the result of an economic base and a social superstructure; it is the economic base which determines all other social structures including ideology, politics, and religion retrieved from http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~simon/documents/Economy%20and%20Society.pdf According to Foley (2009), the knowledge people have of social reality in Marx’s view is a human product has no existence outside the activity of living human beings. Knowledge is a cumulative social creation like a human city, and it has so many aspects of its production and reproduction: teaching, maintenance, critical correction, wholesale destruction and replacement, an opening of new territories and so on. Marx in alienation involves separation and breakdown from his work as a producer and from his natural society.

On the tenth anniversary of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Casar Chavez published an article stating Dr.King ideal and supporting nonviolence resistance. Throughout the article, Chavez explain and convince why through nonviolence resistance a change can be made. Chavez use of rhetorical skill like the use of diction to compare and contrast nonviolence against violence resistance, use repetition, and appeal to human moral and religious belief to help support his argument for nonviolence resistance. The use of the repetition of “we” and “us” show that Chavez is on the people side and are united, which makes the atmosphere more relaxed and less tense.

Odysseus, the fabled hero from The Odyssey, and Che Guevara, the renowned revolutionary, both endure the stages of the hero’s journey of Trials, Allies, and Enemies, the Road Back, and the Supreme Ordeal, however Guevara’s journey gave humanity the strength to fight for one’s values, no matter the consequence. Both of the heroes face the stage of the Trials, Allies, and Enemies. Some of the many tests Odysseus faces include Poseidon drowning him, but thankfully Odysseus makes friends with a mermaid, Nausicaa, and King Alcinoos. All of them help to bring him home. To illustrate, Odysseus describes his journey to Scheria to King Alcinoos, “There I was stranded for seven long years.

In his Eulogy delivered before the Athenians in 431 BCE during the Great Peloponnesian war, Pericles states, “We alone do good to our neighbors not upon a calculation of interest, but in the confidence of freedom and in a frank and fearless spirit.” In this quote, Pericles is communicating the idea that Athenians perform good deeds and help other polies not to benefit from it but for the sake of democracy and chivalry. The Eulogy of Pericles is accurate to a minimal extent because, while on the one hand the Athenians offered protection to their allies, on the other hand they took advantage of them and attacked mercilessly. The idea of chivalry stated in the Eulogy of Pericles should be considered an accurate reflection of Ancient Athens because the Delian league was created in order