Angezah Fernandes Mr. Mattas Ap Language 30 Nov. 2015 Conformity As humans, our lives are revolved around the line that separates conformity and individuality. Conformity is a type of social influence that includes a change of belief or behavior to fit into a group. Many people can cross the line too far back or too far forward, thus being too much of a conformist or too much of an individual.
In life, people face the pressures of conformity in their everyday lives from school, to just going shopping for clothing. Throughout literature, protagonists face the pressures of conformity in their lives no matter the age of the character. Both The Giver by Lois Lowry and Number Twelve looks just like You by John Tomerlin deal with pressures of conformity, but they do so in different ways. Both texts are similar because both protagonists want or try to escape the conformity that is within their communities. “In Number Twelve looks just like You”, Marilyn knows that conformity in her community is wrong.
Albert Francis Charles Augustus Emmanuel Cohen presented the theory of gang constitution that used Merton’s strain theory as a basis for why individuals resort to such group behavior. There are five adaptions to strain and of the five Sanyika was proximately cognate to the adaptation of revolt, which is the most complex of the five adaptations. Strain is considered the primary source for the development of criminals. According to Cohen, delinquent youths begin to value destruction of property and skipping school, not because these behaviors lead to a payoff or success in the conventional world, but simply because they defy the conventional norms and laws as good, thereby psychologically and physically rejecting the cultural system that has been imposed on them without preparation and fair distribution of resources. (Tibbets, p. 116)
Strain and Deviance: an empirical test of General Strain Theory of in a Philippine Public University LITERATURE REVIEW Theoretical Background During the past decades, various criminologists developed different theories in an attempt to explain the causes of crime within the society. In return they were successful, as of today it was adopted or accepted, indeed all of theories explain the root causes of crime. One of these theories is anomie or strain theory which originally argues that the lower class frustration to higher class causes crime (Merton, 1938) in attempt to explain why majority of the people who commits crime are lower class.
His areas of study are Juvenile delinquency, Youth violence and Criminological theory. The main argument of the source is that General strain theory provides and explanation of crime and delinquency and that it is the latest and broadest form of strain theory. General Strain Theory represents a revision and extension of prior strain theories. “General strain theory is distinguished from other criminological theories by the central role it assigns to negative emotions in the etiology of offending. It is also distinguished by the emphasis it places on particular strains, especially strains involving negative social relations “ (Brezina, 2018).
The strain theory implies that crime may occur because of the stress or frustration placed on people when
Mujeres is a program for young girls with hard lifestyles and are trying to make a living for themselves but also strive for a better future. Head leader of this organization is Connie Iglesias, expresses the importance of the program by demonstrating the flaws of these girls and in return giving them a chance to renew their life. In the article Helping Kids Make Better Choices: Mujeres Organization, Connie states, “I can be that caring adult who wants them to succeed” (Connie Iglesias, 2012:99). The girls that are engaged in the program come from various backgrounds, mainly from a latino heritage, those youth have had not only violence issues but educational problems. Strain Theory as Professor Kristin Bates explained in class, suggests
The general strain theory is a theory constructed by Robert Agnew. It states that violence; particularly criminal violence, is the result of straining emotions such as depression, frustration, and anger. These emotional strains arise from one of four sources: negative stimuli, removal of positive stimuli, shortcomings, and failure to achieve goals (Fox et al. 34). For Bundy, finding out that the woman who he believed to be his sister growing up was his mother was negative stimuli cognitively. He was in a sense hidden and probably felt a tinge of shame and rejection from his own mother.
a. Use Strain Theory to define and explain the following: i. The theft of a loaf of bread by a hungry person Using strain theory, the theft of a loaf of bread by a hungry person can be explained as a situation where an individual employs different means of success of getting fed, one that is against the agreeable ways in the society of getting money and feeding themselves. ii. Alcoholics Using strain theory, an alcohol has ultimately rejected the society’s goals of conforming to the societal values such as happiness and a stable job, such an individual essentially rejects the goals because they have been ultimately been unable to live up to the society’s standards. iii.
Under Merton’s theory Wuornos would be an innovator because does have the goal of money but she way she achieves that goal is through illegal means, such as prostitution and eventually murder. She also fits under Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) because according to that theory, crime is a coping mechanism with life and their negative social relations. For the most part, Wuornos did not have many people in her life and those she did generally had a negative impact such as her grandfather. In addition, GST believes that the loss of positive support affects a person’s emotional state.
The strain theory is relatively close to the social disorganization theory, regarding poverty rates, and unemployment rates within
In his strain theory, Agnew identifies several other sources of strain besides Merton’s disjunction between goals and means (Hemmens & Walsh, 2014). In this perspective, strain includes the negative emotions that arise from social relationships. According to Agnew, strain occurs when from the removal of positively valued stimuli such as the loss of a romantic partner, the presentation of negative stimuli such as negative school experiences and the prevention or a threat to prevent an individual from obtaining a positively valued goal (Hemmens & Walsh, 2014). In the case of Lafeyette, his strain came from all three sources. The removal of positively valued stimuli for him was losing Terrence to prison and his two friends to death (Kotlowitz, 1991).
General Strain Theory also displays three different types of strain. These are experiential strain, anticipated strain and vicarious strain. (Wong, Lecture) While Nathan was undergoing experiential strain from his horrific home life, Erik endured vicarious strain from watching his friend having to deal with the circumstances he was suffering from. The immense strain that Nathan was under was what caused him to eventually snap and murder his mother.
Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream) though they lack the means, this leads to strain which may lead the individuals to commit crimes. Two major concerns in strain theory are the sources of the strain, stress or how people adapt to the strain. Positivism are theories of social and structure are strain theories.
Criticism of Merton’s Strain Theory One critique of the strain theory is how it overemphasis the position of the social class in regards to crime and deviance. As we know, the strain theory applies mainly to the American lower class as they struggle the most. Our lower class are faced with the lack of resources to help them reconcile their goals. However, by looking at the variation of deviant and criminal behavior, the strain theory does not adequately account for any type of crimes besides the normal street or neighborhood crimes.
