The Dangers of Segregation, as seen in Leon Bass’ “I Saw The Walking Dead” The source “I Saw The Walking Dead” is an interview in which an African-American WWII veteran named Leon Bass recounts his experience upon liberating the Buchenwald Nazi concentration camp. In addition to this, he relays his thoughts in regards to the liberation of the camp, and relates it to his experience of the war overall to the unfair treatment of African Americans in the United States, most notably through the segregation that they were made to endure at the time. The source is meant to inform its readers on African-Americans experiences throughout the war, relay the extreme effects that can arise from segregation, and shows its historical significance through …show more content…
This is due in part to the large number of African-Americans that had travelled across the United States in order to escape from the South’s violent racism in the early 1900’s. Despite this move, they continued to face significant racial discrimination, even up until WWII, where they struggled to find employment despite the country’s pressing need for a larger military (Burton, March 2nd, 2023) after WWI. The Executive Order 8802, signed by Franklin Roosevelt, the President of the United States at the time, eventually allowed them more job opportunities, as it “banned racial discrimination in Federal Industries” (Burton, March 2nd, 2023). At this time, the United States attached a moral mission to defeating Germany specifically, due to their being horrified at the discovery of its Nazi concentration …show more content…
While the United States’ history of racial discrimination and segregation is commonly known, the source itself works to highlight how deeply rooted racial discrimination was in America at the time, considering how it continued even during wartime, against African-American soldiers who “had sworn to protect and defend” (Bass, 1). As Leon Bass became involved in the Civil Rights movement (Bass 1) during the 1960’s, it can be assumed that his time fighting in WWII influenced his future decision to join in the fight against America’s segregationist laws, along with many other black soldiers'. On a larger scale, by connecting his own experience to what occurred at Buchenwald, the source also reveals the hypocrisy in much of the United States’ mindset. When faced with the stark example in the reasoning against Buchenwalds victims compared with the United States’ willingness to uphold segregation and their hostility towards black Americans, it is evident how they were ironically similar, which is made worse considering how much they were morally opposed to Germany’s actions. Bass’s statement on how little African-American soldiers in the war are spoken about also works as a method to show another example of how their contributions throughout history as a whole were minimized, just as they had been in regards to their influence on the progression of popular music
At the outset of the story African Americans flock to recruitment offices looking to prove there loyalty to America to there white center parts. The men are sent and trained at Camp Whitney. A handful of squads, one being directed by Sergeant MandLa are sent to aid the French on the western front of the war. Upon arrival the French ask for volunteers to defend a very susceptible trench line in the coming offensive. Sergeant MandLa and his squad volunteer to take on the task.
On July 26, 1948, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 which ended segregation in the Armed Forces. Executive Order 9981 states “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services.” These were the words that granted everyone in the United States Armed Forces equal treatment despite race, color, or creed. This was made possible by civil rights activists, such as Philip Randolph (Lilley). Their valiant efforts led to the end of discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and played a major role in the creation of EO 9981.
As a great author, Himes effectively identify the racism and racial power in wartime Los Angeles and applies metaphors and characterization to reveal a reality that the white group uses the power to discriminate, segregate, and oppress minorities in order to limit their rights and deprive them of their opportunities to move upward. Bob’s reaction to inequalities and oppression reflects African Americans’ emotional plight when living in the white world. Finally, many minorities like Bob are forced to join the army to serve the country that makes them experience racism. However, their fights, struggles, and achievements will be a prelude to the future Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and ’60s for people of color in the U.S.
The essay by James Baldwin recounts his stay in a small Swiss town where no black man had ever visited. The people in the town were captivated by his skin color because they have never seen a black person before. Baldwin visited this town few times and the town’s people even though they knew his name they were still fascinated by the color of his skin. The people didn’t see him as a real person and the children in town run after him shouting names and even though their cries were innocent the words effected Baldwin. In the essay he shows the different ways we effect and reflect each other’s identity.
John Weaver argues that on August 13, 1906 in Brownsville, TX, black soldiers were accused of shooting up the town. With unreliable statements, false evidence and a racist town, President Roosevelt discharged without honor one hundred and sixty-seven black soldiers. The very next day after the shooting, civilians came out with statements that didn’t add up or were just completely unreliable. Mrs. Leahy stated that she saw the soldiers from thirty-five feet away, Elkins too testified that he saw the Negroes but from sixty-five feet away.
As US Citizens witnessed the horrendous racism and oppression of the Axis Powers, the US government became incentivized to improve their own race relations which meant sparking progress towards equality for African Americans. Furthermore, the Soviet Union constantly compared segregation in the American South to the Nazi treatment of Jewish people. This can be categorized as the reason behind Truman’s Civil Rights push to pass Executive Order 9981 and ban segregation in the US Military. Furthermore, American democracy was often called into question following the World War because the Soviet’s condemnation of African American treatment was completely justified. From 1945 to 1952, the US occupied Japan to establish a democratic government system.
While the press was divided over the murder of Isaiah Nixon, the responsibility of the black and white press during the 1940s was completely segregated. The black press had evolved out of the necessity to supplement the white press in order to fully voice the concerns of the black community. In this evolution the black press became protestors and in the words of Gunnar Myrdal, a ‘fighting press’ . The mission of the black press was to eliminate the press stereotype of the ‘black criminal’ and to demonstrate the humanity within the black community. Stories such as the Nixon’s shined, the Nixon’s became beacons of hope for the black community.
Randolph’s argument successfully persuaded President Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802 on June 25, 1941, which emphasized there shall not be discrimination based on color, race, or national origin inside the U.S defense industry. Not only did this allow African Americans to have more jobs and decrease the employment rates of African Americans, but with the executive order, it established a Fair Employment Practices Committee to show a gradual notion towards ending discrimination and opening more doors for African Americans. President Roosevelt's executive order only desegregated defense industries however, it did not desegregate the armed forces, and there was still two separate troops, the whites
Before the implementation of Executive Order 9981, the military was segregated into colored infantries and regiments. African Americans were subject to racism back home, and this was extended outward hundreds of miles away, in foreign countries of war. To proceed with integration, the order was established in 1948 by President Harry S. Truman, stating, “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin” . This was implemented after WWII, where African Americans felt joining the military would allow them equal citizenship like their counterparts. With the input of Executive Order 9981, more African Americans joined the military as fear of segregation was over.
The horrors of having the “wrong” colored skin during the 1940s showed an injustice that led to bloodshed across a country that was meant to be free. A fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was killed due to the lies of a racist woman and the insane acts of her husband. The devastating beating and brutal murder of Emmett Till fueled people to take action for the Civil Rights Movement and shed light on the need for societal reforms. Emmett Till entered an environment completely different from the one he had once experienced in Chicago.
Without them, many civilians might have passed. While the war was outbreaking, discrimination was still present in the armed forces. Those regulations often kept denying African Americans enlistment. In December 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9279 which terminated such restrictions. While the change was slow, by the end of 1944 there were over 700,000 African Americans enlisted in the armed forces.
This era saw a decrease in segregation and protection against discrimination. “... Executive Order 8802, which banned discrimination in defense jobs and established a Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) to monitor compliance. The black press hailed the order as a new Emancipation Proclamation” (Foner 878). The FEPC was momentous as it helped African Americans gain jobs and have equal opportunities.
Segregation also followed the blacked soldiers into their lives in the military, they faced unfair wages, not allowed to fight in battles, and much more. One of the greatest movies released that
The Tuskegee Airmen, faced racial discrimination in a segregated military, but was given the technical and tactical skills to be pilots and officers when due to their skin color; they were never allowed to fly prior to WWII. The Tuskegee Airmen proved to American society that “no discrepancy existed between the effectiveness of properly trained black and white soldiers.” On July 26, 1948, President Truman issued an executive order that outlawed racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces. The Tuskegee Airmen broke the color barrier in the United States military due to their heroics during
Executive Order 8802 worked to eliminate racial bias in the workplace, however discrimination will always exist. However, with the help of Executive Order 8802, as a nation, the United States has accomplished many things in relation historically. Historical moments like The Civil Rights Movement in the 60’s forever changed the United States. African Americans had been free for almost a century, but did not have civil rights. Executive Order 8802 impacted The Civil Rights Movement as it gave African Americans a voice in the workforce and socially as well.