Slacks and Calluses tells the story of two teachers spending their summer building bombers for the War Effort in the 1940’s. Bowman and Clair Marie, referred to in the book as C.M., decided to spend their summer vacation working at a factory called Consolidated where they would help build airplanes that were used in World War 2. Despite not having any experience in building airplanes, they were hired and started working the swing shift. The swing shift worked from four thirty in the afternoon to one in the morning, but they were paid more for working such difficult hours. Bowman and C.M. were not the only women that decided to spend their summer here. The social classes of women were changing, and whether women worked at Consolidated out of patriotism or because it was an open opportunity can be debated. Women were leaving the home to come work in factories, which was a big change during this time period. In the 1940’s men were away fighting in the war, which left many jobs open. Typically, the women …show more content…
World War 2 was happening and the nation needed all the help it could get at this point. This meant embracing the fact that women would have to leave the house and start working different jobs. The women in Slacks and Calluses worked to help increase war production by building bombers. There were women from many different backgrounds working at Consolidated, some schoolteachers, students, and mothers. Women working these factory jobs were not given special treatment just because they were women. They had job assignments that had to be done at the end of the night just like everyone else. Although some ladies might have worked harder to keep their slacks clean and hair in place, they were still contributing to production. Slacks and Calluses supports the idea that the country embraced women leaving the home to work in factories for war
“Slacks and Calluses: Our Summer in a Bomber Factory” is a book that describes the summer of two teachers, Constance Bowman Reid and Clara Marie Allen, working in a bomber factory for the military of the United States. This book explains how women’s role in society began to change during the time of World War II. Throughout this book, the author, Constance Bowman Reid, describes the way they were treated due to being female, how the country felt about women going to work in factories during the summer of 1943, and why women decided to work in bomber factories for the US during World War II. Constance Reid describes how there were many things that defined women such as what clothes they wore and what they occupation they carried. During this era, women were known to be classy in ways like females usually wore skirts in public and had careers as nurses or teachers.
The rooms they were required to work in were faint in light and had little to no conditioned air flowing through the factory. The workers worked from seven in the morning until eight at night and only had a half-hour lunch break. This was very common for many immigrants living in the city of Manhattan and wasn’t seen as an issue until the buildings started killing many workers by getting caught on fire. It was said that these factors that these women workers worked in were normal because, “women will submit to worse conditions, longer hours, and shorter wages than men” because “”they only had themselves to support”” (p. 96).
These women worked in deplorable working conditions, for a ludicrous number of hours each week, and earned meager compensation. Although to modern readers, the women’s working conditions alone seem horrific, at this time, these conditions were far from uncommon across factories in
Before the war, it was not likely for women to work in factories. However, by 1945, women made up one third of all industrial workers. This was a big change for women, because women usually only worked at home
As some of their husbands were away fighting during Second World War, it was the wife's duty to take on more roles, that usually men did. Unlike African women, White women had more of a variety of military work jobs that were available to them. In lectures provided to us from Professor Stonis there were a lot of propaganda posters. In particular what they would be called the Rosie the Riveter, perhaps the most iconic image of recruiting female workers, the propaganda showed a strong Rosie with a bandana and working outfit, which was successful in targeting white women to work the aircraft industry. Not only where white women able to work in the aircraft industry, but also eligible to serve as pilots.
She then follows this with the differing health, welfare, injuries, and deaths that women suffered and the status and experiences that they had as workers compared to the commonly thought role as head of the household before the war. With the changing concepts of the role of a woman, the book discusses the wages, autonomy, and public censure that came with working and the author even covers what the workers do in their leisure time such as socializing and sex. The book also offers illustrations of ad posters that sell products and the idea of nationalism in the sense of women doing their part to work in the factory. Along with having photos of real people working in the factories operating cranes, playing sports, passing out from fumes, and drawing differing scenes such as women's clubs socializing. The illustrations even include a postcard of a munitions factory from that time period.
In “A Tour of the Lowell Mills” Crockett stated “the dinner bells were ringing, and the folks pouring out of the houses like bees out of a gum” (2). In “A Dialogue on Female Labor” Miss. Bartlett states “Because we are reminded of those hours by the ringing of a bell, it is no argument against our employment, any more than it would be against going to church or to school” (2). Another huge similarity found is the idea of female workers enjoying their workplace with no type of complaining. In “A Tour of the Lowell Mills” Davy Crockett identified the young women as “not one expressed herself as tired of her employment, or oppressed with work; all talked well, and looked healthy” (2).
Slacks and Calluses Slacks and Calluses by Constance Bowman Reid entails the coming of social rights for women in the United States. The coming of World War I brought some changes to social classes in the United States, but it was World War II that would define women’s rights for years to come. Two women, Clara Marie Allen and Constance Bowman Reid, decide to engage in patriotism doing their part with their summer off from being a school teacher. They take a job at a bomber factory working the swing, or night shift. Once entering the work force, Reid and Allen find out what it is really like to be a woman in an unaccepting workplace filled with men.
This connects to the 1920s woman through the duties that women are
But during the war, women began filling in for the men that left for war. They began working at the assembly lines and manufacturing plants. This generated income for women. As one of those women, Peggy Terry remembers her experiences during World War 2 during a 1984 interview, she
So, women and minorities began working in the factories because the men were leaving for the Second World War. The United States of America was changing. To boost morale on the hard day at the factories, the women looked to figures like “ Rosie the Riveter “ and “ Wendy the Welder “ in Document One. They had catchphrases like “ We Can Do It! “ to keep their spirit high and keep working to win the World War Two.
The government told newspapers, magazines, TV networks, etc., to publish content specifically targeted to women to recruit them to the workforce. In 1943, a pamphlet called “Women At Work” planted the fear of quote on quote “civilian life breaking down” due to lack of people doing everyday jobs (“Rosie the Riveter: Real Women Workers in World War Two”). Jobs such as elevator operators, newspaper deliverers, nurses, etc. The pamphlet sold unbelievably well, mainly due to the fact that that fear was not an irrational one, but one that was grounded on evidence from the past. World War Two happened roughly soon after the Great Depression, where unemployment percentages raised and the stock market collapsed.
Constance Bowman Reid presents several captivating observations and narratives about being a woman working in a World War II bomber factory in her memoir Slacks & Calluses. Reid and her friend and fellow teacher Clara Marie, referred to as C.M., decided to spend their summer vacation assisting the allied war effort by working the swing shift at a local aircraft factory. Because of their gender, Reid and C.M were forced to challenge many presumptions and biases that the factory supervisors had about their abilities. Despite proving to be strong workers, the duo had to deal with sexism within the workplace and in the world around them. Due to her unique social positioning, Reid offers an unparalleled perspective on several wartime issues that in total provide a comprehensive story with spectacular historical value.
In the article it says that women entered jobs like engineering, other professions, and manufacturing jobs that many people believed that those jobs were too dangerous for women and women were too weak. In their jobs, women made airplanes, warships, munitions, and tanks working in technical and scientific fields. Also, after the war, women were still employed as secretaries, waitresses, or in other clerical jobs. This was often called the “pink collar” force. This article shows how sometimes women are given clerical jobs that show people underestimate the abilities of women.
The war had provided a variety of employment opportunities for women and the most common job for women was at home, working in factories and filling in positions for their husbands, fathers, and brothers in their absence. Although the highest demand for workers were in previously male-dominated