Carotenoid Essays

and chromoplast of plants and photosynthetic bacteria. There are six types of carotenoids including; α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and crocetin. Carotenoids with molecules containing oxygen are known as xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin), while oxygen free carotenoids are known as carotenes (β-carotene and lycopene). There are several human health benefits that have been related with carotenoids. They have been proposed to exhibit protection against a number of health related

Carotenoids are a family of pigmented compounds that are synthesized by plants and microorganisms Carotenoids are a family of pigmented compounds that are synthesized by plants and microorganisms but not animals. In plants, they contribute to the photosynthetic machinery and protect them against photo-damage (Rao and Rao, 2007). Carotenoids are synthesized de novo not only in all photosynthetic organisms, such as plants (including algae) and cyanobacteria but also in some non-photosynthetic bacteria

Title of Invention "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CAROTENOIDS FROM ENCYSTED HAEMATOCOCCUS CELLS" Abstract An improved process for the preparation of carotenoids from Heamatococcus cells characterized in simple method of extraction of said caratonoids by using acidified aqueous solution, which comprises suspending encysted Heamatococcus cells in acidified aqueous solution having concentration in the range of 0.01 N to N at a temperature range of 8-90° C for a period of 30 seconds to 15

examples of most studied carotenoids. Thus the basic structure of beta carotene is made up of isoprene units. These isoprene units are joined end-to-end to give a conjugated chain which is common to all carotenoids. It is cyclised at each end which will looks like in the Figure 7. The long conjugated chain of beta carotene is responsible for the orange colour of beta carotene. Figure 7: Beta carotenes. ( Source: Oliver & Palou, 2000). In order to identify carotenoids in fruits and vegetables

be separated into two gatherings, the chlorophylls and the carotenoids. Both sorts of pigments are available in the subcellular organelles called

colored pigments that aid in the photosynthetic process. There are two types of colored pigments: yellow pigments or carotenoids, and green pigments or chlorophylls. Both categories of pigments also include other types of pigments and all are essential for carrying out photosynthesis and each have a role for helping plants receive energy (Pavia et al 208). In this experiment, carotenoids and chlorophylls were extracted from spinach leaves using techniques of column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography

supernatant. At a wavelength of 652 nm, the two have the same absorbance and carotenoids do not absorb the light. The absorbance was 0.110 A, which was consistent with the standard. The concentration of the total chlorophyll was determined using Beer’s Law: mg/ml. Since the concentration of the suspension was approximately 1.8X106 mg/ml, there are approximately: mg of chlorophyll a and b in each cell of the Euglena suspension. Carotenoid

Antioxidants give protection against harmful free radicals and reduce rate of cancer and heart disease. The most efficient carotenoid antioxidant is lycopene. Lycopene is a natural pigment which protects the body by neutralizing the negative effects of oxidants. In the synthesis of vitamin A lycopene plays an important role as an intermediate and carotenoid like β-carotene and β cryptoxenthin, influences its development. Lycopene is soluble in fat and synthesized by plants and microorganisms

Have you ever wondered why the leaves on trees change color in autumn? This paper will explore various pigments,carotenoids,chlorophyll,anthocyanins,xanthophylls and how those pigments are responsible for various activities of trees. The hypothesis of this project is “If the type of leaf is a oak leaf, then the number of pigments will stay the same.” The idea for this science fair project is to collect three different types of tree leaves and count the number of different types of pigments in each

Many people have heard about various carotenoids like, beta-carotene, lycopene and zeaxanthin, but very few of you are aware about astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid of predominantly marine origin. It occurs in trout, shrimp, yeast, salmon and other sea creatures. The Pacific salmon gets its beautiful pink color from astaxanthin. Additionally, this carotenoid possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As one of the most potent carotenoids found in nature, astaxanthin aids in

happens mainly because of an insufficient intake of vitamin K in the course of pregnancy. Treats Arthritis The beneficial aspects of avocados are their anti-inflammatory properties, and between the immense variety of phytochemicals, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols, fatty alcohols, and omega-3 fatty acids it has, avocados are one of the outstanding foods for lessening the inflammation in tissues, joints, and muscles. Anti-cancer

Lipoprotein isolation and characterization: Leghon red hens commercial eggs ( > 73g.) were used for this study. The shell was broken, the white of an egg was eliminated and the yolk was put on a filter paper to roll in it to eliminate completely the remainders of the white adhered. The yolk membrane was punctured and the content of the yolk (approximately 15 ml) was deposited in a test tube. An equivalent volume of saline solution was added (NaCl 0.16 M; pH = 7) and it was mixed completely. The

intestine, where it helps to ensure that vitamin A is retained and absorbed. Vitamin A also helps regulate the immune system through helping lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infections, function more effectively. Further Aid: Some carotenoids have also been shown to function as antioxidants to fight free-radical build-up and further aid the immune system. Vitamin A promotes normal growth and development of the bones and teeth. It stimulates young cells to become mature, specialized cells

in the solvent. The bands of color travel the greatest distance are more soluble than the bands that traveled less distance. In this experiment, we did not see chlorophyll a or carotenoids pigments. This could be due to the fact that we used coleus leaves and grass leaves, which do not have a large quantity of carotenoids or chlorophyll a. If we were to use spinach, then we would have seen a different concentration of pigments because the spinach leaf contains certain pigments at a higher

20 μ, LDPE 37.45μ) Transparent Poly propylene film. (76.8μm) The product was analyzed periodically during storage for parameters like moisture, acidity, water activity, colour, TBARS, FFA, Browning Index etc. The kinetics of quality changes w.r.t carotenoid degradation was studied using zero order and first order reaction kinetics. 4.1. Physico-chemical analysis of avocado milk shake powder The initial analysis of avocado milk shake powder showed acidity 0.171±0.01 (% lactic acid), water activity

Beta-carotene belongs to the carotenoids and is an important part of our physiological non-enzymatic defense mechanisms against radical stress. About 30 to 60% of carotenoids are absorbed in the small intestine; the remainder is excreted (Biesalski et al., 1997). Beta-carotene is the most abundant and most efficient precursor of vitamin A, which is a highly lipidsoluble unsaturated polyene dye and antioxidant found in the plasma. Moreover, vitamin A quenches the free radical singlet oxygen. Lycopene

Why, then, do they appear brown or green? Brown algae contain a different pigment beside chlorophyll called carotenoids pigments. One of those carotenoid pigments, fucoxanthin is a brown pigment that is visible in some brown algae that turn them brown. 7.What are the main differences and similarities among the major groups of algae? How are these groups related to each other evolutionally

are reflected, color is produced. This is the reason behind why plants are green. Because the main pigment chlorophyll absorbs all colors in the visible light spectrum but green. Plants also feature accessory pigments which are chlorophyll b and carotenoids. These different pigments absorb different wavelengths/frequencies of light except green. The use of accessory pigments is to capture and absorb most of the wavelength which is energy supplied from the sun. These pigments/molecules are located

Introduction Carotenoids are pigments that are found mainly in chloroplasts of plants and in some photosynthetic organisms. They are synthesised naturally in plants in order to absorb light during photosynthesis and protect plants against photosensitization. They are found in our diet, through eating fruit and vegetables and many serve as an important source of vitamin A in our diets, such as ß-carotene. The structure of the molecule determines the colour, photochemical properties, vitamin activity

Infected mungbean plants were stunted in growth due to infection of roots by M. phaseolina. Mild chlorosis of leaves was observed. The tap root got rotten and was devoid of lateral roots due to infection by root-rot fungus because of which drying and withering of leaves occurred. Mungbean cv. T-44 was found to be highly susceptible to as the cultivar scored 4.5 disease severity on 0-5 scale. More than 75% of the leaves and twigs showed symptoms of wilting. Treatment with fungicides checked the disease