Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Essays

Introduction The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease. It is characterised by muscle weakness of the proximal lower limbs as a result of auto-antibodies produced against the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) found on the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction(1). Most of the time, LEMS is classified as a paraneoplastic syndrome as it is often associated with cancer (small cell lung cancer in particular) (2, 3). One of the earliest descriptions of this

Should cigarettes be illegal? Should smoking be illegal? Yes, you may ask yourself why? Simply because it results in a large number of death’s (the most in the uk to be precise).Most of us aren’t aware of the side effects from smoking cigarettes, which is very worrying to me. According to the NHS, its estimated that over 120,000 deaths are caused by smoking annually. All those cigarettes that you smoke then leads to horrible effects later in life; e.g. Cancer, Brain Damage, high blood pressure,

Ach is used by the parasympathetic nervous system to activate muscarinic and nicotine receptors and can each preferentially interact one of the two types of receptors. Atropine specificity is it action to act as the antagonist of acetylcholine (ACh), inhibiting the muscarinic actions of ACh on the structures innervated by the vagus nerve. 3. What type of antagonism does atropine display at the muscarinic receptor? What is meant by EC50? Describe the change to EC50 in your experiment in the presence

Eugenol at the concentrations of 0.2 -20 µm is suggested to be able to produce a dose dependent and reversible vasodilator response that are partially dependent on the endothelium (24). EUG has also found to have a preventive effect on dopamine depression and lipid peroxidation, which can protect depression induced by 6-hydroxyl dopamine (OHDA). Eugenol has prevented depression by decreasing lipid peroxidation and stimulating reduced glutathione (GSH) may lead to a protecting effect (25)

CONCLUSION When you put an egg in vinegar, we see that the shell dissolves, but do you ever wonder why? An egg is made mostly out of calcium carbonate which reacts with an ingredient in vinegar, acetic acid. Acetic acid is about 4% of the vinegar and what breaks apart the solid calcium carbonate crystals. The bubbles we see, from the egg, is the carbonate that make carbon dioxide and the other calcium ions float free. This is the equation: CaCO3 (s) + 2 HC2H3O2 (aq) → Ca(C2H3O2)2 (aq) + H2O

P4 describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types Function of the muscular system The function of the muscular system is for the movement of the body. In the body there are averagely seven hundred muscles that make up halve a person’s body weight. There are three types of movement in the body and these are agonist, antagonist, and fixator. Muscles generally speaking work in pairs if we are pushing or pulling. For example a bicep curl, the bicep is the agonist causing

The population of college students in the town of shillong grows drastically with students coming from all corners of North Eastern States and other states as well. It is presumed that a shift from familiar circumstances to new surroundings will generate some kind of feelings of loneliness on individuals. Concept of loneliness and isolation: Being alone is different from being lonely. Loneliness relates to the inner feeling in the deep recesses of the soul. According to Kaitholil (2010) in Coping

ntroduction Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and generation of the skeletal muscles that control movement. The patient has to undergo “clinical examination and laboratory procedures, including electromyography, muscle biopsy, DNA analysis and selected enzymes levels assayed from blood samples” (Campbell, Palisano 2006). The most common form of muscular dystrophy occurring in children is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy amongst other prevalent

When the both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion direct to the same organ or gland the total function of the gland is carried by the input signals given by chain ganglia and the terminal ganglia. E.g. the sympathetic ganglion can increase the heart rate and the parasympathetic ganglion can decrease the heart rate. Terminal ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system receive impulses from the head, neck, thoracic and lumber regions. Terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic system receive impulses

Neuromuscular Therapy is founded on the study of human physiology, client assessment and a detailed understanding of kinesiology and body mechanics. Its global popularity has everything to do with a practitioner's ability to assess a patient's pain pattern and effectively treat. A detailed soft tissue assessment using regionally oriented protocols and the use of hands on techniques that have been used and proven over the last 50 years. Neuromuscular therapy addresses ischemia or reduced blood

muscle weakness. Normally when impulses travel down the nerve, the nerve endings release a neurotransmitter substance called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine travels from the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors which are activated and generate a muscle contraction. In myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents the muscle contraction

The following experiment determines the effects of 50 ml tobacco extract on the heart rate of a crustaceans Daphnia Magna. Daphnia represents a small group of aquatic crustaceans, also known as “water fleas”, with clear exoskeletons, which makes studying their heart rate effortlessly. The heart rate can be observed using a microscope and counted under varying conditions. (Pritchard, J. B.) In this case, changing the type and concentration of natural plant substances reveals the effects of the plant

ST2 is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1) family that exist as both a transmembrane ligand (ST2L) and a soluble, circulating form (sST2).35 ST2 can be measured from various matrices without substantial differences in results and can be measured with highly sensitive and precise methods with well-defined reference limits.36-38 It is applicable as a biomarker for HF , both acute and chronic, due to its dose-dependent expression as a result of cardiomyocyte stretch which is known to cause

Examples of Medical Malpractice Cases of medical malpractices have raised their ugly head quite often in last few years. We are all aware of the common malpractice cases. Birth injuries, pregnancy issues, mental health, paralysis due to wrong medications are few cases that have occurred repeatedly over a long period of time. However, malpractice cases have broken these barriers and caused harm to patients suffering from other commonly unknown diseases or disorders. We thought of listing some lesser

A pleasant morning to all of you. Thank you for being here listening to me. Today, I am going to talk about racial discrimination. Can you imagine that you are being discriminated because of who you are? For instance, imagine that you still cannot be promoted in your jobs even you are brilliant at it, or you are being mocked and ignored at school because of the color of your skins, religions or disabilities. You will feel unjust, grief and indignant, but there is no way for you to revolt. What’s

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Devices Used to Support Conversation in Alzheimer’s Patients Kacey Faul Southern University A&M College Spring 2015 Submitted to Dr. Regina Enwefa in fulfillment for the QEP/EBP paper Table of Contents Introduction 1 Review of Literature 2 Summary 4 Limitations 5 Reflections 6 PowerPoint 7 References 8 Resources 9 Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Unit one The sliding filament theory: Before this unit I knew nothing about the sliding filament theory. After learning about the sliding filament theory, I discovered that, it is the contraction of a muscle. It slides the thin actin filament over the thick myosin filaments causing the muscle to shorten and create movement. When I researched more about the sliding filament theory I learned that each muscle fibre is made up by myofibrils, that consist of smaller structures called actin and myosin

The primary focus of the experiment is to see if and by how much the muscles contract depending on the solution added onto them. We learned that muscles contraction occurs in three stages excitation, contraction coupling, and relaxation. Muscles begin contraction when they are stimulated and then become more permeable to NA+. The muscle cell lets in more Na+ which causes the cell to depolarize, and also lets out K+. The release of K+ repolarizes the cell, and this quick depolarization and repolarization

Since Alzheimer 's disease was discovered by the German doctor Aloysius Alzheimer in 1906, Alzheimer 's disease is considered a major concern all over the world and millions are affected each year. . Alzheimer 's disease is a complicated mental disorder that attacks the nerve cell of the brain. Alzheimer 's is a degenerative disease that worsen gradually, and eventually Alzheimer 's could lead to variety of symptoms such as cognitive disorders and memory shortage[1]. The causes of Alzheimer 's

The infant may develop temporary muscle weakness and associated findings (i.e., transient neonatal myasthenia gravis). The passage of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies through the placenta to the unborn child during pregnancy may cause this condition to the infant. Some of the myasthenia gravis is inherited as an autosomal recessive, or more rarely, an autosomal dominant condition is described