ONLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION
TECHNIQUES
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Bechlor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
By
Manisha Meena -2011EE10460
Priyanka Soni -2011EE10472
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Santanu Chaudhury
Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute Institute Of Technology, Delhi
November,2014
1
CERTIFICATES
We do certify that this report explains the work carried out by us in the Course EED411, under the overall supervision of Prof santanu Chaudhary. The contents of the report including text, figures, tables, computer programs, etc. have not been reproduced from other sources such as books, journals, reports, manuals, websites,
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Biometrics means Voice, Vein, Eye, Fingerprint, Facial recognition and more.
Disadvantage of biometrics is that it is an expensive identification solution. Sometimes because of some health issues and ageing factors, biometrics also does not give accurate results always
Despite these disadvantages, biometric systems are nowadays used widely in much kind of industries. If one is getting desired accuracy, than no other thing matters. Biometric authentication, in long run, promises to provide global citizens a sound identity management system.
1.2 Problem
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Number of pen ups: The recorded feature shows the number of times the pen leaves the data acquisition screen during signing. While recording, a”;” is recorded every time the pen is up and the number of”;” is called the number of pen-ups occurred during signing.
3. Total length of the sign: The total length of the signature calculated by adding the distance between each of the coordinates.
4. Maximum/minimum velocity: While signing the maximum/minimum velocity found between two consecutive coordinates.
5. Length of signature horizontal: This feature describes the width of the signature. It can be found by:
(Maximum x coordinate value - minimum x coordinate value)
6. Length of signature vertical: This feature describes the height of the signature. It can be found by:
(Maximum y coordinate value - minimum y coordinate value)
1.4.4 Identification
Prior to identification, enrollment process is done. In the enrollment process signature of each user along with the skilled and non-skilled forgeries are enrolled in data base of the system. After that test signature is compared with the template of reference signatures enrolled in the data base. A threshold value is defined and the test signature is classified as genuine or forged depending on the threshold
5.2 GABOR-KPCA Results: Using Mahalanobis Cosine (MAHCOS) Distance Identification experiments: The rank one recognition rate of the experiments equals (in %): 80.00% Verification/authentication experiments on the evaluation data: The equal error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 4.17% The minimal half total error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 2.68%
Folding The key X is partitioned to parts so that all parts have the same length except the last parts. 3. Collision resolution
I will use this source in my paper to talk about the
The reference material used to construct this investigation has been drawn from a collection of primary and secondary
“Signature can be defined as evidence of behavior at a crime scene not necessary to complete the crime that points to an underlying psychological need of the offender” (Petherick, 2014, p. 125). In the case of the BTK killer, he actually left a signature on the letters that he taunted the police with. Although this was not at the actual scene of the murders, as the definition of signature by Petherick points out, the letter writing and taunting was very much a part of his crime. He did this in order to make sure all of his crimes were connected and to make sure that he received the credit for the crimes, and he used the initials BTK and presented them in a sexual way (LaBrode, 2007). This points to the need for Dennis Rader to be in the spotlight.
Rank the technologies by the level of effectiveness and reliability. In order by effectiveness and reliability from lowest to highest is electrostatic detection apparatus: which is a specialized piece of equipment used in questioned document examination. Then Automated Finger Identification System (AFIS): is a biometric identification methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data as stated in ("What is Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)? - Definition from WhatIs.com," n.d.) and then the Portable light source: is a light that reveals fingerprints, blood, gunshot residue and more.
CO4507 Digital Forensic Investigation Introduction Nowadays digital devices are everywhere in our life’s helping peoples in many sectors and providing possibilities to them. By pronounce the term “digital devices” the majority of the peoples thinking the computers, smart phones, tablets and the cloud applications. Now the digital devices are important not only in our work environment, or for entertainment and educational reasons, but are important because we can use them as digital evidence. Any kind of technology that processes information can be used in a criminal way vise versa can be used as digital evidence in the court.
By showing a photo ID, it will protect against several forms of fraud, including duplicate registrations in different jurisdictions, impersonations, and voting by ineligible citizens including noncitizens and felons. Opponents of voter ID laws will make the argument that voter fraud is rare, but it does
There has been many controversial issues about the “stop-and-frisk” law. One side believes that it is racially profiling the communities of minorities and the other side believes that it is helping communities rise away from violence. There is a lot of history and background on stop-and-frisk and how it originated in the United States, especially in different places around the world. This law has been very controversial even within the law itself, so controversial states are debating on getting rid of it completely. Many politicians speak on this tactic in both positive and negative ways and the statistical growths and decreases on this topic.
" Environmental Quality Management, vol. 11, no. 3, Spring 2002, pp. 79-84. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=6536798. Accessed 26 Mar. 2017. Brooks, Charles.
For the past couple years there has been many injustice cases involving poor accusations of innocent victims. These poor accusations of innocent victims include shootings of innocent African Americans. One way to avoid these problems is the use of body cams. These tiny cameras have saved a Police Officer 's job, justified an innocent victim, and even has saved a person 's life. Recently Police Departments have been using these such body cameras and have seen significant results.
The references used in this study will be used to build knowledge on the subject, and to identify
The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
On the complement, face identification is a 1: N problem. It is used compares a query face image against all image templates in a face database. Face recognition has distinct advantages over biometrics systems using finger print/palm print and iris, because of its non-contact process. It is mainly used in security systems. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person and the identification does not require interacting with the person.
'A psychological test is any procedure on the basis of which inferences are made concerning a person 's capacity, propensity or liability to act, react, experience, or to structure or order thought or behaviour in particular ways ' (The British Psychological Society). The psychometric tests which companies make use of when selecting among job applicants have the potential to provide us with information about the kind of skills which employers are really looking for and they do provide additional information to that available in skill surveys. Psychometric tests are most likely to be used for managerial and graduate vacancies, and are seldom used for manual vacancies. The costs of these tests are substantial. This implies that