Caries Research Paper

Consistent, reliable and practical detection and assessment of dental caries lesions as an effect of dental caries disease has been a challenge for a long time. The caries can be observed on all surfaces of the primary, permanent, and mixed dentitions. Surface lesions can then be calculated according to the type of the teeth (molars, premolars, incisors and canines) or according to the surfaces (proximal, occlusal and free smooth surfaces) (Burt., 1997; Ismail., 2004; Pitts., 2004).

Surgical procedures. Today, gingival retraction is the most widely used technique in the construction of dental prosthetics (Abadzhiev, 2009). There are various materials that can be used for retracting gingiva, however, it is important to select the material considering its effect on periodontium. For a prosthetic restoration to be functional and to be successful in long term, it should be properly adapted to the finish line of the preparation. Therefore, marginal integrity becomes an important factor for the success of the prosthetic restoration. For complete recording of the margins of the preparation during impression making and adaptation

Latest advances in dentistry has become a boon to patients to maintain a functional dentition for a lifetime. Retaining a teeth may involve combining restorative dentistry, endodontics and periodontics so that the teeth are retained in whole or in part. Thus tooth resection procedures are used to preserve as much tooth structure as possible rather than sacrificing the whole tooth.(1)(2)

Human teeth are covered in a hard substance called tooth enamel, which is made of hydroxyapatite. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body and is vital in protecting teeth from decay (Callison, 2018). Enamel erosion occurs when acids wear away at the teeth and can result in painful temperature sensitivity, discolouration, cracks and chips, and indentations appearing on the teeth, and will result in cavities (Smith, 2013).

Chronic Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, leading to progressive destruction of the attachment apparatus of the teeth including periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone with periodontal pocket formation, and recession of the gingival tissue(1) . The clinical feature that characterizes periodontitis from gingivitis is the presence of clinically apparent attachment loss. This loss mainly is associated with changes in the density and height of subjacent alveolar bone (1). Severe generalized periodontitis affects 5–15% of any population worldwide and is a major cause of teeth loss after dental caries (2).

Dental assistants’ contribution to the doctor is to allow for efficient dental treatment by preparing the patient for the procedure, sterilizing instruments, passing instruments during the procedure, holding suction devices, exposing dental radiographs, taking impressions, and fabricating provisional crowns. Along with crowns, Rt1 Dental offers veneers which are wafer-thin, custom-made shells of tooth-colored materials designed to cover the front surface of teeth to improve your smile. Many people are skeptical about other procedures like cavities and root canals. During these procedures, pain is thought to be the leading dynamic because of the injections. The assistants and Dr. Trakhtman know of various techniques to help lessen the pain

The methacrylate based, light cured, unfilled resin is perfect for filling small voids in the restoration. It gives the restoration a great seal which prevents any future leakage or failure. Before placing Permaseal, the restoration must be etched using the same phosphoric acid used earlier. After placing a thin layer, it is polymerized using the curing light and finally polished. The other two occlusal preps were similarly restored. Because all 3 preps had enough normal dentin thickness over the pulp tissue, the need for a liner or a base was not necessary in any of the restorations.

Are you in pain? You may need a root canal. Modern root canal procedures are stress-free, painless, and simple to perform. Before we begin, we numb the area using a local anesthetic. We then access the dental pulp using specialized rotary equipment and remove the infected material. We seal the inside of your tooth and fill the empty cavity with a substance called gutta-percha. This process eliminates all pain and prevents further infection of the tooth. If you are in need of root canal therapy, we can offer you top-notch service in a calm, comfortable environment.

In the early 1900’s, the major of a dental hygienist began at colleges. Dental hygienist interact with people, examine for oral diseases, and provide help to maintain good healthy clean teeth. Oral dental hygiene is used every day by the average person. Examples of good oral hygiene habits would be brushing teeth, flossing and the daily use of mouthwash. Furthermore, dental hygienist are required to be educated and licensed to practice. In addition, a dental hygienist works along the side of a dentist that requires training and education that is focused on oral health.

Periodontal disease destructs the tissues the form around the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligaments, and tooth sockets. A patient may notice bleeding, tender, and/or swollen gums, mouth sores, shiny appearance to the gums, or in some cases, hypertrophic gingivitis. If gingivitis isn’t taken care of in its early stages, it can result in an infection of the gums or jaw bones or in some cases, trench mouth. Trench mouth is a form of gingivitis that results when there are copious amounts of normal bacteria in the mouth. The gums become infected and form painful ulcers and gingivalgia. The words “trench mouth” comes from World War 1. Due to the lack of medical attention and supplies during this time period, many soldiers suffered from this condition. Gingivitis is also linked to many diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory disease. To treat gingivitis or tooth decay, dentist or a dental hygienist will perform an oral cleaning to loosen and remove plaque and/or tartar from teeth and gums. After a professional teeth cleaning, bleeding and inflammation should subside within 1 to 2 weeks with proper oral care at home. In order for gum disease to not return, good oral hygiene must take place. That includes, brushing teeth and tongue at least twice a day and flossing once. Mouthwash also helps cancel the formation of plaque. Overall, if adequate oral hygiene and regular

Periodontal surgery, also known as gum surgery, only occurs when a patient is suffering from a condition such as periodontal disease. The gums of the mouth are the connective tissues that hold the teeth in place. This form of surgery and the associated ailments can also affect the bones within the mouth, in extreme cases. As plaque develops in the mouth and rests on the tooth where the gum line starts, that plaque can work its way below the gum line. Not only does this cause cavities and tooth decay, it also causes an unhealthy erosion of the gums. Left untreated, these erosions start to form pockets underneath the gum, where more plaque and food debris can accumulate. During periodontal surgery, those pockets of infection and unsightly materials are cleaned out. This form of surgery is also used to reconstruct or reshape the gum line for aesthetic reasons. There are 8 general forms of gum surgery, each having its own purpose and procedures. During a Gingivectomy, the infections under the gum are scraped clean. This procedure is completely painless, as it is performed under anesthesia. Other common periodontal operations to ask Lennox Lin about include a Gingivoplasty, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal Flap Surgery, Periodontal Bone Graft, Osseous Surgery, Gum Grafts, and Crown

The tumor was removed and the patient is in follow up without signs of recurrence. This case demonstrates the occurrence of this tumor in elderly patients.

On the other hand, slight disease affects approximately 35% of the adult population48, 49, 50. Patients need to see the condition of their own mouth. At the initiation of every appointment, during data collection and tissue assessment, the patient should be provided a mirror to visualize with the clinician the evidence of periodontal disease, caries, gingival recession, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, etc. During periodontal probing, the patient should hear the pocket measurements as data is being recorded and collected. In a similar approach, during examination of the radiographs, the patient should be shown evidence of permanent bone loss, and contrast that to areas without bone loss. Relating the patient in the discovery process audibly and visually is a powerful tool to help patients take ownership in their own

The goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate disease and restore the periodontium to a state of health, which includes comfort, function, and esthetics that can be maintained adequately by both the patient and dental professional. Nonsurgical therapy aims to control the bacterial challenge characteristic of gingivitis and periodontitis while addressing local risk factors and minimizing the potential impact of systemic factors. Alteration or elimination of putative periodontal pathogens and resolution of inflammation are paramount objectives of nonsurgical therapy, creating an environment conducive to periodontal health and decreasing the likelihood of disease progression. The term nonsurgical therapy includes the use of oral hygiene self-care,

This technology allows certified dental technicians to provide restorations on a computer screen, which makes the job easier. The fabricated material can be done in a single appointment and there is no need for temporaries afterwards. Some studies have also demonstrated that CAD/CAM restorations are stronger and less likely to fracture than the milled ones from traditional techniques (Kotrzewski). This type of dental technology is available to produce crowns, veneers, and bridges, which helps to improve oral appearance. The use of the digital impressions disregards some laboratory steps, which leads to a faster and more effective product. “The benefit of CAD/CAM technology is that it allows the practitioner the ability to produce esthetic, well-fitting prosthetic dental restorations onsite in a matter of hours” (Kotrzewski). The ultimate convenience of this technology is that the restoration can be placed in the same day on the damaged tooth, whereas older techniques require temporaries for several weeks while the prosthetic is being sent to an offsite laboratory and produced. This technology has caused the dental restorations that are designed and produced in an easier and more simple manner. It has also improved the speed of the creation of the restorations, therefore CAD/CAM has become a highly used and competent dental technology in dental