Biopsychosocial Model Essay

1.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. To clarify our understanding of this research, the researcher has chosen to relate it to Gordon Marjory functional pattern to provide a more comprehensive nursing assessment of the patient. GORDON MARJORY FUNCTIONAL HEALTH PATTERN MODEL 1994. Marjory observed that functional health pattern evolved from client- environment interactions.

The three dimensions of pain assessment instruments are also subject to misinterpretation. Healthy patients have difficulty on a line or a numerical value to meet their pain as a point of conceptualization the intensity of the pain. Difficulties in interpretation are rare when verbal rating scale is used. In addition, the use of certain words cannot be understood by patients or little interest in the individual descriptions of pain (D'Arcy, 2011). There is unlikely to support the coherence between the reported pain levels, for example, a patient may report pain as a numerical rating scale (NRS) and request analgesia.

The best clinical practice for patients with a brain disorder is the integration of CT scan, observation techniques, and computerized tomography to examine the human brain's internal features about possible symptoms of a brain disorder. Therefore, sacks approach to understanding neurology should be prioritized in medical practices as treatment procedures for patients. The approach entails taking time to understand the characters portrayed by the patient through face to face discussion and interaction. Through this interaction, the medical practitioner can determine the ability of the patient to distinguish personal sensations and awareness of the surrounding environment. Specialty studies should be aimed at understanding a person's personality and how this character relates to the symptoms of a specific disorder.

The nursing management of sickle cell patient involves nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care planning and goals and finally nursing interventions. In the nursing assessment, adequate data from the patient should be identified, that is factors that precipitated the previous crisis and measures the patient took in management and prevention should be enquired. Using a pain intensity scale, pain levels and characteristics should be monitored. Presence of any infectious process should be

In my field, I will need to know why certain people behave the way they do in order to help them as well as understand their mental disorders and the processes that come with them. I will have to use the concept of functionalism to help the patients and people I work with to decide the best way to approach each person to their individual

In response to safety concerns, these draft standards are emphasize that pain is one of the vital sign and should assess in all patients. Therefore, the element of non-maleficent, beneficence, soft skill and caring component in providing care includes in this current standard (Beauchamp & Childress, 2008). For example, the patient have a right to receive an appropriate care with a trust that will not cause them harm even if some pain and suffering is involved. Beneficence is another nursing ethic that should apply in pain intervention such as holding a patient’s hand during a painful procedure and give an emotion support throughout the process. Meanwhile, healthcare providers should listen and respond immediately to patient’s report of pain and manage pain appropriately.

Ian Tancred. Heron created the six-stage category intervention model, which is a useful aide between patient and carer. These six-stages were further subdivided into two interventions these being authoritative (prescriptive, informative, confronting) and facilitative (cathartic, catalytic and supportive). Authoritative is whereby the helper takes control of the situation and provides direction to the patient by either providing information, challenges or suggestions about the care they need. An example of authoritative care would be asking the patient to look left, right, up and down when examining their injured eye.

Balanced prescribing is a process that involves recommending a medicine which is suitable to the patient's condition and, within the limits created by the uncertainty that attends therapeutic decisions. It is a dosage schedule that optimizes the balance of benefit to harm. The necessary steps in achieving this are (1) careful attention to the history, examination, and investigation of the patient's state and drug therapy, (2) accurate diagnosis, (3) detailed attention to prescribing the dosage regimen in the light of the therapeutic goal, (4) careful writing of the prescription and (5) regular monitoring of therapy, including attention to beneficial outcomes, adverse reactions, and patient adherence. The two major necessities in determining the dosage regimen are (A) understanding the pathophysiology of a health problem and balancing it to the mechanisms of action of the relevant medicines and (B) assessing the benefit to harm equilibrium of the therapy, although the difficulties in doing this in the individual are great. The major challenges that occur in prescribing include stipulation of adequate education for all prescribers early in their undergraduate training and maintaining their expertise after graduation, obtaining proof to inform appropriate monitoring of therapy, reducing the incidence of medication errors, and providing high quality information that will at the same time guide prescribing decisions

Pharmacological interventions like glucocorticoids preserve ambulation and other complications (Bushby et al 2009 pg 7). With glucocorticoid therapy, physiotherapy interventions must be incorporated into the rehabilitation programme for a patient to perform quality functional activities. The management of muscle extensibility and joint contractures are important. It allows “optimum movement and functional positioning, maintain ambulation, prevent deformities and maintain skin integrity” (Bushby et al 2010 pg 177).

Watson’s nursing theories express that the mind, body and spirit of the patient should be taken into consideration. I agree with Watsons that while providing care the nurse should consider care base on the patient as a whole and not just focus on the disorder. I was taught to use Maslow’s hierarchy of need while planning and providing care for my patients. Maslow’s hierarchy is use to prioritize a patient need from life treating issues to love and belong. This hierarchy helps me to provide care which include the patient mind, body and spirit as Watson had

In the United States, approximately 49% of veterans who saw combat have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Smith). PTSD is a condition in which an individual experiences a traumatic ordeal that causes a stimulation of the fight-or-flight response when no signs of harm or present. In health care, it is important for professionals to not only be aware of the symptoms of this disorder, but also be aware of what can be done to treat it and how this population is different from other individuals. After experiencing a traumatic event while deployed, symptoms of PTSD may not arise or be evident until months or years after returning from deployment.

There are ranges of specialists who work on the rehabilitation team, each member of the team has a goal to help patient with a focus of promote QOL. The Case Managers are will be the primary contact person, with whom patient and family/caregiver can direct raise matters and ask for information. It is advised that a neuropsychologist should conduct a cognitive and behavioural/emotional assessment. Cognitive include perception and awareness, orientation, memory, though processing, problem solving, personality and decision making. Behavioural/emotional include emotional status, mood changes, adjustment difficulties, personality changes, inappropriate sexual behaviour, motivation level, substances misuse, depression, anxiety and psychosis.

A reminiscence program would be considered a TR treatment program if the “activities that are provided in a long term care setting that allow the individual to improve functioning through treatment or education” (Thomas, Part II Diversional vs. TR Activities). If the reminiscence program aimed to rehabilitate and treat specific symptoms the participants were going through, than it could be considered a TR treatment program (Thomas, Part II). The reminiscence TR treatment program usually requires a physician’s order and is run one-on-one or in small groups with a certified recreational therapy specialist, CTRS (Thomas, Part II). This program requires active participation and documentation must be in compliance with rehabilitation agency standards

Assessment This patient has been taking medication because they suffered a sports injury in 2010. The pills have been prescribed from by their PCP. Therefore, the client tested positive for opiates. The client also states that they have never had any issues with drugs in the past and that they have never had any problems with their professional license or employment.