Consolidation Test
Short Summary
The aim of this experiment is to determine the rate and magnitude of compression of the soil. This is achieved by the displacement of water content in a given saturated soil sample when subjected to a load. By studying its rate and magnitude of compression, its preconsolidation pressure, compression index, recompression index and coefficient of consolidation can be calculated. Having the preconsolidation pressure helps determine the maximum vertical loading the soil can withstand before it suffers an irrecoverable change in volume. Subsequently, the compression index estimates the amount of consolidation the soil will experience and the recompression index determines how much the soil will consolidate again if load is removed
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These soil properties help in understanding how much stress the soil can withstand before experiencing irreversible compression.
1. To what kind of soils is the consolidation test applicable? Which soil properties are measured during a consolidation test?
The soils applicable to the consolidation test are undisturbed, fully-saturated fine-grain soils such as clayey and silty soils. For coarse-grain and medium-grain soils, they are usually subjected to compaction which occurs almost instantaneously. Saturated fine-grain soils on the other hand, when stressed, undergoes consolidation which is a time dependent process that can occur over long periods of time.
The properties measured are pre-consolidation pressure, compression index, recompression index and coefficient of consolidation.
2. Is void ratio change related to the volumetric change? If yes, what is the relationship between volumetric strain and void ratio?
Yes, void ratio change is related to volumetric change. This can be seen in the equation shown
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How is consolidation of soils different from compaction of soils? Illustrate your answer with a diagram showing the variation of air, water and soil fractions of soil samples during compaction and during consolidation.
Compaction of solids is an instantaneous process which can occur to all soils types. where soil particles are compacted together, reducing the air voids between them. During compaction, only air voids are reduced while water content remains the same. On the other hand, consolidation of soils is the reduction of water voids between soil particles. This is visualized in the diagram shown below, in which the soil in experiencing compaction can have both air and water voids but only air void is reduced while the soil experiencing consolidation only contain water voids and has it reduced.
Consolidation usually occurs to fine-grain soils such as clayey and silty soils and is a time-dependent process that can occur over long periods due to low permeability rates. However, coarse and medium-grain soils can also experience consolidation though in a much shorter period of time as a result of its higher permeability rates. 4. Soil A consolidates faster than soil B under the same load. Which soil should have a higher coefficient of
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