Just as the Industrial Revolution redefined urban life in the late eighteenth century in the United States by the build-up of cities around industrial centers where white-ethnic, blue-collar works lived, the deindustrialization during the 1970s saw a massive exodus of profit-driven corporations leave for developing countries where labor is cheap and profits are high. The impact that this had in the U.S. manufacturing fields was economic devastation, and to which many cities have not fully recovered. Not only were industries restructured, by social connections between workers and their former employers gone as well, along with the cities sizable tax base. The 1980s and 1990s a time where North American cities were forced to restructure away …show more content…
The peripheral countries have been more deeply impacted by this globalization and economic restructuring more negatively than positively. While there are a small, affluent segment living in these areas, most of the urban residents live in squalor and enjoy few amenities that these cities have to offer due to poverty. If anything, it appears that the major impact of globalization has been a significant increase in the income inequality and vulnerability of the people. It’s important to note that while these tiers are unequal, they are interdependent although on the other hand, the system operates in the interest of the core-tier. While there is a recent uprising in nonprofit agencies to combat this aspect of globalization, the task is …show more content…
He further states that he who controls the economy at the top levels, controls society. Marx calls this “means of production” which is defined as all physical elements, other than human beings, that go into producing goods and services. He goes further to describe “means of distribution”, such as stores and while this many change over time, it is elemental in any discussion on how wealth is created or maintained. The Bourgeoisie elite enjoy an affluent lifestyle on the backs of the Proletariat workers. Adam Smith (the Father of Economics) expressed this in 1776 in his book Wealth of Nations. Marx continues by saying that there is an inevitability of revolution within a capitalist society, and that in every philosophy are the seeds of our own destruction. If the Bourgeoisie elite own the land, the buildings, the markets, the transportation, the resources and the money, and the Proletariat workers are discontented with low wages, poor living conditions, poverty, pollution and exploitation there will be an inevitable alienation that sets in. When that occurs, class consciousness can change and revolution can happen. With this current globalization and economic restructuring happening now, are we witnessing the seeds of our own
They draw their conclusion from Karl Marx’s view of class and societies. Outside forces prevent groups or individuals from reaching certain goals or ways of living. That outside force is typically the upper class. The upper class have created an exclusive society for themselves that lock in their wealth at the expense of everyone else’s well-being. For example the CEO of Wal Mart, Michael Duke receives a $35 million yearly salary.
The dominant classes in society accumulate wealth off of expropriating the labor of society. One German economist Karl Marx has said, “The ideas of the ruling class are, the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force. The class, which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to it. The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships, the dominant material relationships grasped as ideas.” Karl Marx shows that when you are considered a higher class, which means you produce the resources need by society, you control what happens to society.
Across America cities buzzed all day and through all hours of the night. People flocked to these cities from farms and halfway around the world for one main reason: work. Manufacturing was booming in cities all over America, and Chicago especially, was a model for western industrialization. As Taft described before this, our progress is met not only with success, but with major roadblocks. America's progress during the Gilded Age in industrialization led to downfalls such as economic, social and political instability, which forced action to be taken to lift these burdens.
According to Marx society was divided into two classes that were in eternal conflict in the battle for resources, or as Marx coined; “the means of production”. The first class were the bourgeoisie, which Marx described as the sole owners of the means of production as well as the media. The bourgeoisie used their power and influence to exploit the second class, which Marx called the proletariat which consisted of all the workers of the world. Marx rejected the idea that the wealthy pulled themselves from their own bootstraps, which he called “false consciousness” and in return coined the term “class consciousness”, which referred to a persons awareness of their own social status, especially in terms of class conflict. Overall, Marx concluded that social order is created maintained by domination and power.
Marx asserts that the economy is the most essential and important part of society, as everything is created and shaped around it. Economy is all about human survival and comes before everything else, including the superstructure. Economic organization is the main survival goal in which each society needs to strive towards. The elite personnel that control the economic base therefore control the superstructure. Our culture is entirely created by these economic elites.
The great acceleration of industrialization occurred during Gilded Age which extends from the civil war to the end of the 19th century (Jansson, 2005). The massive industrial growth brought numerous changes in the old social life construct. In 1914, 69 percent of the the labor force had a nonagricultural job unlike 1859 where 60 percent of the US workforce engaged in in agriculture. This statistic may show how the rural lifestyle has drastically transformed into urban and industrial society. By 1910, more than 79 percent population of New York and 92 percent population of Massachusetts were living in “urban areas” (Ehrenreich, 1985).
He argues that with all the pressures of class conflict and the imbalance of capitalism there is no way that this pattern can continue without a major revolution. Marx compares capitalism to anarchy, in the sense that there is no organization within which only causes chaos. The common pattern of capitalism is a boom followed by a bust, and that bust leads to recession and social unrest. This sort of fickle economy, Marx believes, will furthermore contribute to the downfall of capitalism. This socialist revolution would, “abolish private ownership of key elements of economy and change nature of relationships from ones based on marriage and property.”
Marx believed that the current capitalist society is separated into two classes, the Proletariat society, and Bourgeois society. The Proletarians, as perceived by Marx, are part of the working class that only possess one significant material value, that is the ability to work, or labour power. The Bourgeoise, on the other hand, is the societal class that owns the means of production and hence rule over the Proletarians. As I quote from Marx’s book, “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” (Marx and Engels, 1988, p. 473)
Capitalism, according to Karl Marx is divided into two major social classes: the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. The Bourgeoisie, which is the minority of the class system, own the means of production such as land, machinery, factories and raw materials whereas the Proletariat, which is the majority of the class system, having no means of their own production and have to work to earn wage for a living. Karl Marx has his own theory that history is made up by class struggle which he mentioned in his book – Manifesto of the Communist Party: “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” (Marx and Engels, 1848) and had predicted that the Proletariat would lead a revolution to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Karl Marx believed that there will be intrinsic conflict like exploitation, alienation of labour and commodity fetishism between both of the classes.
It is argued that social inequality occurs because of the conflict between the upper-class and the working-class, or as Marx defines it, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. Based on the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Marx and Engels, 1848), the divergence emerges because the aim of the Bourgeoisie is to obtain a surplus-value that is produced by the work of the Proletariat. On the other side, the Bourgeoisie provides the Proletariat with the minimum required, such as a place to live and a minimum wage, in order to keep the society under control and avoid a rebellion. However, Marx did predict a revolt of the working-class that would eventually lead to a communist regime. When it comes to applying this theoretical approach to reality, it is evident to notice that no global revolt in regards to capitalism has occurred.
He sees power as a corrupting force and further sees capitalism as the root cause of the corruption. The economic system can never produce a fair power dynamic, as it relies on private property and when the means of production is wielded by the few, members of society can be sorted into two groups, the employer, and the labourer. Marx used the phrases capitalist mode of production to refer to the systems of organizing production and distribution within societies. He highlights wage-labour and private ownership as two means of
As we can see from this quote that was written in the communist manifesto by Marx himself, It is clear that he believed that as a result of this oppression by the bourgeoisie the proletarians would revolt against the capitalist system and this would result in a
It has also shown light on the differences and issues triggered between the wealthy and the poor in society. The wealthy is classified as the persons who owned large portions of land and industries: hence, they control sources of revenue, employment and the lower working class in general. Marx sought to understand the reason behind the popularity of poverty when there is an abundance of riches. He came to a conclusion that the reason was capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system where the means of production is owned by private individuals.
Marx and Engels look at capitalism with seriously negative opinions. They regard the system as extremely unsuitable, and are deeply concerned with getting rid of it. In a capitalist society, capitalists own and control the main resources of production - machinery, factories, mines, capital, etc. The modern working classes, or proletariats, own only their labor. Proletariats work for the capitalists, who own the product that was produced and then sell it for a profit.
Bourgeoisie, which gains the power, defines superstructure “including all social and legal institution, all political and educational systems, all religions and all art” (Bressler, 162), and articulate the ideology which is based on profits of bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie ideology leads to alienation of individuals, especially proletariats. This bourgeoisie ideology creates the clash between the two classes. Marx supported the working class and their victory over dominant class. Marxism believes in providing equal opportunity to the working class as that are available to the