Hans-Georg Gadamer's Dialogical Model Of Understanding

“With public policy issues growing more complex, the need for insightful and comprehensive analysis has become

One democratic feature was control of abuse of power. Most of government officials used public funds for their own benefit or exercised power in an illegal way, otherwise known as corruption, which made it one of the most common abuses of power. Control of abuse of power is based on punishing

IQDC # 4 Neoliberalism Question 1: Why does Krueger assume that advocates for a particular policy intervention concern themselves with the possibility of future interventions? “Certainly, the advocate of a particular policy intervention in a developing country should at least ask what forces leading to further interventions will be created by the inauguration of the policy under consideration”(Krueger 19). The way that she phrases this quote implies that an advocate of a specific policy will not want to the government to intervene with further policies because further policies will have a negative effect on the advocate. However, in implying this she fails to understand that said advocate will welcome further government intervention because of the positive outcomes that can come from them.

Democracy is a system of government based on the idea that a region’s management is controlled by the people or by elected representatives. Democracies can be direct or representative. In a direct democracy, citizens are directly chosen to fulfill tasks such as executing the laws by becoming a part of the political party. In contrast, representative democracy elects officials or administration in the political organization to stand for citizens and exemplify the change that the people want to society. Democracies should also establish a sense of liberty to everyone and many states believed to have accomplished that goal.

The government structures our way of living and creates a boundary for our progression as a whole society. Government involvement in societal controversies and affairs may impede the resolution for these problems to be solved, due to their controlling nature, preventing revolts, rebellion, etc. Also, handicaps are not set by the government, but by society, to suppress the value of an individual. These handicaps is the use of name calling and social discrimination greats a pit of false guilt on the victims, this is

A policy argument is the major vehicle for communication policy-relevant information and an important source of knowledge in reference to how policies are made and put into effect. The ability to organize, structure, and evaluate a policy argument is crucial to critical analytical thinking. (Dunn, 2012) The purpose of the two policy argument maps is to compare and contrast different modes of reasoning framing policy problems, which arise at all stages of the policy delivery process.

Stone offers five methods that can be used to study policy problems: they are symbols, numbers, causes, interests, and decisions (Stone 2012, vii). Each method

Citizens are given the right the choose what’s best for the wellbeing of their country. The lack of “consent of the governed “results in disputes between the citizens and the government which further leads to protest, rebellions, strikes and sadly war in some cases. For instance, The American revolution was a typical result of the lack of consent of the governed in country. A government formed from the consent of the governed is more successful in maintaining its power, for the views of both the people and governmental officials are considered in the discussion of the country’s welfare. The citizens are the best suited to choosing their government since they’re the ones carrying out their daily task in the country.

A policy is a process of action that is suggested by the government. Example of foreign policy: preserving national security. Example of Economic policy: policies designed to create economic growth.

When there are fixed and elected representative a more responsible government is formed. People under this type of system can discuss matters and problems thoroughly to come up with sensible decision. Weakness as democracy:

He analyses a bottom-up approach to policy making in this book but fails to state if it is adequate. Up until this book was published, the majority of people looked at policy making from a top-down perspective. Since the 1980’s there has been increased debate over which approach is more effective (Gabel, 2012). Top-down implementation occurs when the government set policies and instructions on how to implement these policies. This makes it clear-cut because it is clear and based solely around agency objectives.

Democracy is a form of government offering a workable solution to the fundamental political problem of reaching collective decisions by peaceful means. Democracy can also be about political equality and giving everyone an equal voice in saying how a state should be governed The procedures required to deliver democratic political equality are , free and fair elections, universal suffrage, freedom of expression and information and freedom of association . There are many types of democracies but in my essay I will explain only two types of democracies which are direct democracy and liberal democracy Direct democracy is a form of democracy where citizens are given an extraordinary amount of participation in the legislation process and granting them a maximum political self determination. It can also be called “pure democracy”.

Jan Švankmajer's 1983 claymation, Moznosti Dialogu (Dimensions of Dialogue) poignantly critiques the flaws in modern human communication and society's self-destructive mannerisms, spurring the audience to reflect upon their own lives. This is evident through symbolism, aesthetic decisions and animation techniques. Švankmajer's first segment of Dimensions of Dialogue, Factual Dialouge, highlights societies mediocracy through narrative structure and graphic aesthetics. This work depicts two humanoid 2D forms through the stop motion technique. Drawing inspiration from 16th century artist Giuseppe Arcimboldo, specifically his Four Seasons series, each form is not made of flesh, rather, they are composed of organic foodstuffs and man-made cooking utensils (Cavaleir, 2017).

Both forms of government tend to use a representational system — i.e., citizens vote to elect politicians to represent their interests and form the government. In a republic, a constitution or charter of rights protects certain inalienable rights that cannot be taken away by the government, even if it has been elected by a majority of voters. In a democracy the majority is not restrained in this way and can impose its will on the minority. Most modern nations are democratic republics with a constitution, which can be amended by a popularly elected government. This comparison therefore contrasts the form of government in most countries today with a theoretical construct of a democracy, mainly to highlight the features of a republic.

2.1.1 Definition of Public Policy Many theorists define “Policy” and “Public Policy” in several ways, depending on their objectives and on the direction of study and analysis. For example, Dye (2004) described Public Policy as what a government has chosen to practice or not to practice. While, Anderson (1979) states that the public policy is a moving direction and is set up to solve problems. In addition, Laswell and Kaplan (Lasswell & Kaplan, 1970, p. 71) define public policy as “a project or programs of goals, values, and practices.” Easton (1960) defines "Policy" as the authoritative allocation of values for the benefit of the public as a whole.