The Montgomery Bus Boycott

Civil rights are defined as the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, and civil rights are an important part of everyone 's everyday life. From The Little Rock Nine to The Bus Boycott, those who are interested in equality have been fighting for civil rights for everyone. John Lewis was a civil rights activist in 1960 and he is still fighting for equality today. As a result of John Lewis, people had a voice they could listen to and preach for. During John Lewis’s early life, the Montgomery Bus Boycott inspired him to get into the civil rights movement.

The organization, therefore, played a significant role in the civil rights movements as indicated by the opposition to the introduction of racial segregation into the policies hiring and offices of the federal government.By the begging of 1960, the group has approximately 6000 members and over 50 branches across the nation(NAACP,2013). The high numbers enabled the organization to be influential in winning the rights of back people to serve as officers during the World Wars. In the subsequent years, the group played an increasingly important role in organizing nationwide protests that included marches in many cities against the silent movie by DW Griffin Birth of a

This case, which concerned racial segregation laws for public facilities such as restrooms, restaurants, and water fountains, made its way all the way to the Supreme Court. As way of background, in 1890 Louisiana passed a law which required blacks and whites to ride in separate train cars. However, in 1892, Homer A. Plessy, who was a black man, boarded a car designated for whites only. He was asked to leave, but refused and was arrested immediately. In the case, Plessy vs Ferguson, Plessy’s position was that his rights were violated under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution, which dictated equal treatment under the law.

While in Birmingham, Dr. King was arrested which led to him writing a detailed letter to the city clerk. In Sr. Kings letter, he called for many changes within the city, the most eye popping to me were his calls for direct action, just laws instead of unjust laws, and the role of southern churches. Birmingham, Alabama, like many southern cities at the time, was plunging with racism and white

Analyzing Modes of Persuasion Handout Kennedy's June 11, 1963 Civil Rights Speech Directions: For each category, find two examples of the following items: Category 1: Logos: Appeal to logic 1. Referring to historical events The events in Birmingham and elsewhere have so increased the cries for equality that no city or State or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them. attend any public institution they select without having to be backed up by troops. Birmingham was one of the most segregated cities in the United States and African Americans were tired of the bad treatment that they were receiving so they started to peacefully protest and that event paved the way towards civil rights. Another historical event that happened was

The civil rights era had many important times. But one of the most important moments in the civil rights era was the Montgomery bus boycott. That was when African Americans were being mistreated on the busses so they did not ride them. It was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks in December 1955. It was led by martin Luther King Jr.

The black community of Montgomery had a major impact on reforming segregated America by not riding the buses for 381 days and for organizing car pools, walking long distances, and for remaining nonviolent even when harassed and beaten by angry whites (Bullard 19). Jo Ann Robinson and the Women’s political Council who immediately began to organize a bus boycott (Bullard 18). NAACP leader E.D. Nixon, who formed the Montgomery Improvement Association and selected a newcomer in town, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, to be the spokesman (Bullard 18). Finally, Attorney Fred D. Gray, who sued the city in U.S, District Court, seeking to have the busing segregation laws invalidated (Montgomery Bus Boycott,

Even before Martin Luther King Jr.’s timeline, America has gone through many changes that lead to events that shaped King’s world and the people around him. In his work he references those civil right movements that took place before his timeline so that he can further prove his motivation to remove segregation between the races. In the excerpt of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” King references boycotting segregated bus companies’ years prior to king writing the letter. For example, on paragraph 8 it states “...who rose up with a sense of dignity and with her people decided not to ride segregated buses,” This line the reference is brought up to show the sacrifices people made in order to bring down the oppressors that made it harder for African-Americans

Maxwell defines adversity as a crossroad that causes a person to decide either path: character or compromise. “Every time he chooses character, he becomes stronger, even if that choice brings negative consequences (Maxwell, 1999).” Wells’ demonstrates the quality of character in two separate instances. On May 4, 1884, Wells began her crusade against racial and gender justice in Memphis, Tennessee. After purchasing a first-class ladies car train ticket, the conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company requested Wells relinquish her seat and transfer to the segregated smoking car. “Despite the 1875 Civil Rights Act banning discrimination on the basis of race, creed, or color in theaters, hotels, transports, and other public accommodations, several railroad companies defied the act and continued to segregate their passengers (Baker, 2012).” After refusing, the conductor forcibly removed Wells from the train as white passengers

We shouldn’t give up on our dreams because eventually, they will come true just like King’s. There are many challenges you may face when you are resolving the injustice done to you or the people around you. You may face laws that restrain you from accomplishing your dream. You may also have to convince people of your desire of making America a better place to live in. During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans had to get around the Jim Crow laws, convince the federal government to help move the movement along, and they also had to defuse the tension of uniting African Americans and whites that supported the movement.

Emmett 's case became representative of the disparity of justice for blacks in the South.The 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott, a protest against segregated public facilities in Alabama, was led by Martin Luther King Jr. and lasted for 381 days. The main goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against the blacks , and to also secure legal recognition and federal protection of

On the night that Rosa Parks was captured, E.D. Nixon, leader of the nearby section of the NAACP, started shaping arrangements to sort out a blacklist of Montgomery 's city transports. Advertisements were put in nearby papers, and handbills were printed and dispersed in dark neighborhoods. Individuals from the African-American group were requested that stay off city transports on Monday, December 5, 1955—the day of Rosa 's trial—in dissent of her capture. Individuals were urged to stay home from work or school, take a taxicab or stroll to work.

The Birmingham Campaign The Birmingham Campaign was the real beginning of the civil rights movement because? It is regarded as the first large- scale demonstration against segregation in the United States, the Campaign led the United states and Montgomery laws segregating buses to be unconstitutional, and the Birmingham Campaign ended with a victory, local officials agreed to remove “white Only” and “Black Only” signs. Segregation in the mid 1950’s was common and legally enforced throughout the America south. Birmingham, Alabama was a hotspot of black activism in disagreement to segregationist policies. Around December 26, 1956 and November 1958, Fred Shuttlesworth, president of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), and

Civil disobedience does lead to progress, just like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. disobeyed the laws which gave African Americans more rights. Rosa Parks is an American Civil Rights Activist. On Dec. 1, 1955, Parks disobeyed the bus driver when he told her to give up her seat in the colored section to a white person just because the white section was filled. She got arrested because she violated Alabama 's segregation laws. Although others African-Americans had already been arrested for the same thing, Park 's case went all the way to state, so she was the best candidate to challenge the court.

(New World Encyclopedia, 2015) This launched the organization of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, whose purpose was to protest the segregation of blacks and whites in public transportation. The boycott ended up lasting around 381 days. This helped support the civil war movement in a non-violent which is something that Martin Luther King Jr. mentioned in his speech. The goal of Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech “I Have a Dream” was to bring everyone’s focus on how the discrimination needed to end immediately. The speech was to motivate the people to continue fighting for racial equality without violence being involved.