Green Chemistry Research Paper
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO GREEN CHEMISTRY
Today's society is becoming more and more conscious about environmental protection. Due to the threat of global climate change and the call for movement towards more sustainable practices, the world is being faced with tough challenges .We, as a society, must change our ways and strive to be more aware of our personal actions, and think on a larger scale than that involved with our immediate surroundings. Green chemistry can play an integral role in moving society towards a more positive, sustainable direction.1 Green chemistry is not a new branch of science. Rather, it is a new way of thinking about science in a responsible manner so that the lives of future generations are not
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Prevention is better than treating or cleaning up waste after it is formed.
2. Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the atom efficiency.
3. Whenever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and/or generate less hazardous substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
4. Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.
5. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used.
6. Recognize energy requirements and minimize it by performing the synthetic process at ambient temperature and pressure.
7. Wenever technically and economically practicable, use a raw material feedstock which is renewable rather than depleting.
8. Avoid unnecessary derivatization whenever
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In most cases these oxides are to be modified chemically or physically so as to get desired catalytic activity for a particular reaction. Oxides, because of their ability to take part in the exchange of electrons, protons or oxide ions, are used as catalysts in both redox and acid base catalysis, In metal oxides, coordinative unsaturation is principally responsible for the ability towards the adsorption and catalysis of various reactions. The exposed cations and anions of the metal oxide surfaces form acidic and basic sites as well as acid-base pairs. Besides this, the variablevalency of the cation results in the ability of the oxides to undergo oxidations and reductions. Semiconductor oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, WO3, SnO2, etc. are used as photocatalysts in various photochemical reactions. The metal oxides Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, CaO, ZnO, SrO, BaO, TiO2, V2O3, Sb2O3 , Cr2O3, AS2O3, CeO2 are some solid acids and bases that are found as catalysts for many important reactions which find immense applications in heterogeneous
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