Nonconsequentialism came from the work of Immanuel Kant, who is known to be the founder of critical philosophy. Markham (2007) described Kant as ‘the giant in philosophy’. Through his research and work, Immanuel Kant labelled himself a deontologist. According to Markham (2007), a deontologist is ‘a person who recognises that there are absolute moral prohibitions that must be applied consistently to all situations’. Different from consequentialism, people who tend to have the mind set of a deontologist believe that you should do your ethical duty, regardless of the outcome.
However, here it must be mentioned that David Hume’s reputation as a philosopher rests less on an apologist for feeling and more as an opponent of the moral power of reason, famously summarized in the claim that “reason is the slave of the passions” (Hardin, 2007, p. 25). Hume gives emphasis mainly on the psychological phenomenon of sympathy or a specific faculty of emotional communication that leads to the birth of humanity or
However, here it must be mentioned that David Hume’s reputation as a philosopher rests less on an apologist for feeling and more as an opponent of the moral power of reason, famously summarized in the claim that “reason is the slave of the passions” (Hardin, 2007, p. 25). Hume gives emphasis mainly on the psychological phenomenon of sympathy or a specific faculty of emotional communication that leads to the birth of humanity or
Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are two of the most notable philosophers in normative ethics. This branch of ethics is based on moral standards that determine what is considered morally right and wrong. This paper will focus on Immanuel Kant’s theory of deontology and J.S. Mill’s theory of utilitarianism. While Mill takes a consequentialist approach, focused on the belief that actions are right if they are for the benefit of a majority, Kant is solely concerned with the nature of duty and obligation, regardless of the outcome.
Indeed, they developed distinctive and essential theories because they deficient in agreement as to the nature of humanity, and because each viewed personality from an mortal reference point point in time . According to Erikson, the inner self creates as it effectively settle emergencies that are particularly social in nature. These include building up a feeling of trust , building up a feeling of character in the public , and helping the cutting edge plan for futurity . Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic therapist who concurred with the principle suppositions of Abraham Maslow, yet added that for a man to "develop", they require a situation that furnishes them with validity (openness and self-revelation), acknowledgment (being seen with unlimited positive respect), and compassion (being listened to and caught on). The motive of this essay is to compare and contrast two competing psychological theories of human behavior.
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and is a central figure in modern philosophy. Kant stated that the human mind creates and builds the human experience. His view was that there are some things we should do and some we should not merely for the virtue of being rational thus moral value has noting to do with consequences. One of the main features of Kants theory is Respect for persons, which dictates the depth of intrinsic value. Intrinsic value means that something has “in itself’ or “for its own sake” or “as such” or “on its own right”.
Just the word alone is a great summary of what this philosophy deals with. Kant, the German philosopher who developed deontology, taught that the highest good one could achieve is that of good will. However to achieve this highest good one must be motivated only by a duty or obligation to the good will. Kant
Kant is a German philosopher, considered as a central figure in modern philosophy (2) ("Immanuel Kant"). Kant’s argued that the two major historical movements in the early philosophy, which are Empiricism and Rationalism, contains serious flaws: these two methods of thinking had made a distinction between priori and posteriori reasoning. Kant believed that making such distinction was inadequate to understand metaphysics. This leads us to discuss what is freedom according to Kant. Kant believes (3) that the systematic knowledge in reason can only be fulfilled with assumptions that empirical observation cannot support.
Mill and Kant have opposite idea and they support different moral philosophies. Mill exactly suppose the idea of social thinking, namely he claims that everyone attach an importance to other human beings. However, Kant considers that selfishness reflect people’s characteristics, in other words, each person should pay attention to themselves not others, because the most important thing for them is themselves. Kant also highlight that people can only behave in a good manner, if they have good will. In other words, Kant attach an importance to people’s instinct or characteristics, Mill gives weight to promoting happiness and dissolution of the pain.
In this paper I will discuss Hume 's notion of morality and compare his understanding of morality with Mill 's utilitarianism and Kant 's deontology ethics. I will dwell into the moral pillars of the Humean ethics and confer his moral principles in sentiments. furthermore, I will talk about Mill 's utilitarian ethics and contrast his notion of happiness with the role of sentiments in Hume 's understanding. on the other hand, I will contrast these two notions of morality with Kant 's deontological principle. Finally, I will contrast the role of reason in Kant 's ethics with the role of sentiments in Humean ethics.