Case Study: Outreach Sanpete Valley Hospital

Through the learning from week 1 and week 2, I have learnt that the most frequent adverse event in health-care delivery is health care-associated infections. It is essential for us to follow the infection control practices that both patients and us are at a risk of being infected. Standard Precautions involve the use of safe work practices and protective barriers, for example, the use of personal protective equipment(PPE). At first, I think Standard Precautions are very easy. Everyone knows PPE can protect us from infections and hand hygiene is important throughout the process. However, what I ignored and did wrong were the correct sequences of wearing PPE and how to use them correctly. The sequences are totally different when taking on and

2. Discuss catheter-associated urinary tract infection & apply evidence-based principles for inserting and removal of a catheter.

Instruments used during surgery can be a source of Infection, catheters are a source of urinary tract infections, and ventilators are a source of respiratory tract infections. HCAIs can occur in different health care settings such as hospitals, Dialysis

The Death Penalty, loss of life due to previous crimes and actions, is believed by some to be extremely costly, inhumane, and cruel unlike some others whom believe it is just, right, and provides closure. The Death Penalty is not a quick and easy process. Most who get sentenced to deaths row wait years for their ultimate punishment of death. Some believe that it is not right to punish and kill a human for actions they have done because, they believe that the inmate should have another chance. Then others believe that it is right to punish someone for their actions especially if their actions involve killing another or multiple humans.

The labia minora are also known as the inner lips of the vulva. Unlike the labia majora, they are hairless. It protects the urinary and vaginal orifice. It also provides protection for the clitoris.

Selvin arrived in Bath (UK) from Jamaica in 1956, Selvin wife arrived 2yrs later. Married for 61 years they have together four Daughters and one son. Selvin and his wife owned a West Indian shop retired and later moved to London in 2006.

For the first time I saw a rectaltube, is something very similar to the Foley Catheter. I felt a little bad when I could not hear the heart and lungs sounds of this patient while we were making him a head

Sterilization technique ensures that there is no introduction of bacterial agents that may cause serious infectious such as sepsis, and death. Even if a nurse is using the best devices, it does not matter without proper sanitary care (The Fight Against UTIs Continues, 2011).

At this time, I pulled the catheter out and went to communicate with the physician again. The physician told me to call the on-call urologist to see what we can do about this. I called the urologist and gave him an SBAR on the patient and told me that he would come down to look at the patient. Once the urologist came down there he talked to the patient and told him we were going to try to insert a metal catheter (forgot what it was called but basically it drills through the prostate). The urologist was teaching me about the catheter and how to properly use it, so it was very knowledgeable. The urologist ended up pushing through the prostate and into the bladder to get urine return. The patient immediately had 3 Liters of urine output and had so much relief. The urologist was explaining to me that if the patient would have waited any longer to come to the hospital to seek medical attention, his bladder could have exploded. So, from this inter-professional communication the patient ended up having a great

The most common type of nosocomial infections are surgical wound infections, respiratory infections (such as ventilator-associated pneumonia), urogenital infections, as well as gastrointestinal infections. Wound and burn infections often nosocomial in nature. Hospital-acquired infections are a major source of morbidity, and even mortality to surgical patients. Immunocompromised patients, the elderly and young children are usually more susceptible than others. Nosocomial infections frequently occur after inhalation therapy, during use of indwelling catheters, transmission of communicable diseases between patients and healthcare workers, surgical procedures, injections, contamination of the health care environment (even the food or water provided at hospitals) or during use of chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive drugs. Norag Lee claims,” Longer duration of urinary catheter drainage, positive contact precautions status and a history of catheterization appear to be associated with a higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized pediatric patients. Physicians should attempt to decrease the duration of catheterization, especially in patients who meet these criteria, to minimize the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection.” HAIs may be caused by any infectious agent, including bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative), fungi, and viruses, as well as other less common types of pathogens. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common pathogenic bacterium of nosocomial infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Certain fungi such as Candida albicans and aspergillus, as well as, viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza can also lead to hospital-acquired

Whether a patient is in the emergency room (ER) or admitted to a regular or critical care unit, they will need venous access for administrations of fast acting, IV fluids, and emergency medications. A nurse, physician assistant, or an anesthesiologist will insert the IV. It is kept in place with a sterile, transparent occlusive dressing. A central intravenous line can stay in a longer time, but we will be addressing peripheral IV’s, their indwelling time will be determined according to hospital policy. IV’s can remain in use for 3 days (HPSC, n.d.). Infection and infiltration are also reasons for changing the site of the IV. Signs that will indicate the need for IV to be changed according to HPSC: Site that is red, hot to the touch, accompanied by pain, dressing is wet or loose, and patient having fevers or

Vasectomy what is it? It is a male form of contraceptive. For many years there were different types of contraceptive used, such as birth control pills, condoms, IUD and so forth. Women have even gotten their tubes tied. But since the 19th century Vasectomy has grown in popularity throughout the world. Many men each year choose to undergo a vasectomy in the United States alone. Vasectomy is one of the safest and most effective methods of permanent birth control. It is much safer and less expensive than the other most common contraceptive surgery, tubal ligation. The cost ranges from $800 to $1,500 and is frequently covered by insurance plans. For these reasons, some 500,000 men in North America choose vasectomy each year.

Long acting contraceptives methods are best pregnancy prevention and spacing options. These methods are harmless, efficient, cheap, and reversible, require no follow up visits, and have much better performance rates than other hormonal methods. They need little attention after insertion and prevent pregnancy for an extended period. These long acting contraceptives methods include the Intra-Uterine Devices (IUCD) and the progestogen implant. The IUCD and progestogen implant are reversible, therefore they are name as long-acting reversible contraceptives (Gebremichael et al., 2014).

Birth control or contraception has been the most popular method among women for preventing unwanted pregnancy. However, the most popular option is not always the safest one. Choosing what’s best for you is probably an option best made with a doctor, who will give you a method which is the safest for you according to your health and taking into consideration the number of sexual partners, the frequency of sexual activity and the possibility of wanting a baby in the near future.

In all areas of healthcare, particularly in acute care settings, patients may be unable to care for their nutritional and/or hygienic needs properly. One area that is especially important to address is the perineal care of patients who are incapacitated, or otherwise unable to care for their hygienic needs independently. Normal bacterial flora can develop into an opportunistic infection if the bacteria reaches certain areas of the body. For example, a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) is due to Escherichia coli from the colon coming into contact with the urethra (Copstead & Banasik, 2013). If the patient is immunocompromised, elderly, sedentary, or otherwise compromised in their abilities to void, this can predispose the patient