Slave Trade and its Effects in Early America In 1619, slavery contributed much to the growth of colonies in America. It continued until 1863. Moreover, the trade was widespread amongst the Americans, hence, became one of the largest industry during that particular century. Slaves were kidnapped from their residence in Africa, shipped to America under extremely unbearable conditions, and then auctioned off. The captives were treated with a lot of cruelty and hostility as they were being forced into the ships to be transported for slavery. They were later compelled to work and live under new intolerable conditions. Most of the slaves who were captured dwelled in small villages in West Africa and were usually kidnapped at dawn when they were fresh for their duties of the day. Their village would be raided by their enemy tribe which would then burn the hurts, their residing places to the ground. Those who escaped the capture were very few since most of those who were captured unknowingly were taken to the slave ships as some were killed when they tried to resist being frustrated, tortured as well as bullied. They, especially men, were tied in pairs and …show more content…
In the late 1600’s, Spain, England, Holland, Denmark and France were all sailing their ships towards West Africa in order to acquire slaves. After then, “slave trade became big business” (Goodman, 7). Traders faced difficulties in selecting the slaves. England ships would stop on the coast of Africa, and then captains would embark for small ships. “If the slave trader was a black chief, there had to be a certain amount of discussion or talk, before commencing the trade. The chief would expect some presents, or dash” (Stampp, 26). Once the discussion was over, the slaves were to be examined carefully since the ship captains usually came along with doctors who would check the condition of the slaves before being
Millions of African men, women, and children were plucked from their homes and shipped over to the colonies in exchange for goods. As a result of the absence of humanitarian concerns, slaves during the period of Atlantic
In Africa, men, women, and children were being kidnapped and sold. Once abducted from their home, Europeans would make their way back to the port to transport the slaves to the New World. Most of the time salves never knew where they would end up. Before Africans would be transported, each slave would be branded on the chest and this was a way to claim a slave for when they tried to escape (Hylton). Once boarded on a ship
Could you imagine being kidnapped and sold into slavery? In the 1500s during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade being kidnapped and sold as a slave was a common occurrence in Africa. Throughout this period of time, Europeans would come to Africa in search of a source of labor, slaves, to send to work on their plantations. In exchange for slaves, African people would receive manufactured goods from the Europeans. The process of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was a maniac and unsafe affair.
However, over the next several decades, the African population had increased greatly and by 1750 slaves constituted over 40 percent of the population (Takaki, 1993, p. 61). The demand for the enslavement of Africans began to increase rapidly during the latter half of the 1700s due to the fact the Industrial Revolution was arising, resulting in a critical need for labor. To satisfy the demand for labor, slave ships began to evolve to accommodate multitudes of African slave laborers. These slave ships were essentially seagoing prisons and the prisoners were treated as cargo (Rediker, 2007, p. 43-45). Subjected to overcrowding and sullied conditions, many of the slaves didn’t survive the voyage to America.
At first white slave traders went on kidnapping raids, but this proved to be too dangerous for the Europeans(Arrival in the Americas). Instead, they established hundreds of forts and trading stations along Africa’s West Coast. The local African rulers and black merchants delivered captured people to these posts to sell to European ship captains. Once they were on board, men and boys were stripped naked and shackled two-by-two at wrist and ankle. They would then be prodded into the dark, unsanitary hold of the ship.
One of the stages of the triangular trade was transporting slaves from Africa to the New World. The slaves were abused during this process from the beginning. African dealers would kidnap people from their villages. Some victims who were captured and ultimately survived were then able to write about their experience being captured. Quobna Ottabah Cugoano, also known as John Stuart, wrote that the slavers attacked them with pistols and threatened to kill those who attempted to run away or did not comply with their commands.
Slave ships from African nations into the Americas reached its first great wave between 1570 and 1640 (Wheat, 2011). The majority of these ships would embark from Upper Guinea and Angola with a smaller waver of captives from Lower Guinea. Slave trade was so common to this area that modern day Togo, Benin, and Eastern Ghana was referred to, in a 1727 Dutch Map, as the “Slave Coast.” Slaves were considered no more than commodities, with nearby regions referring to the “Gold Coast,” and “Grain Coast (Moll, 1727)
England was very prominent in establishing social classes that emphasized attaining as much wealth as possible. This would maintain their high social class and to highly represent themselves. Consequently, the captains would reveal their socialist behaviours by controlling the voyages in inhumane ways. According to Thomas Clarkson’s Essay on the Slave Trade, it is described that the slaves had “complain[ed] of heat” (1789) and that the sailor who worked on the ship had “seen them fainting, almost dying for want of water” (1789). The captains of the ship completely disregarded the rights of the slaves as they were treated as “black cattle” (James Irving, letter to Mary Irving 1786) and that the “kings and principal men bred Negroes for sale as [they] [did] cattle” (Alexander Falcolnbridge, An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa 1790).
The period of the 18th century in North America marked a time of great and sustained economic expansion, one explanation which has been put forward by Eric Williams is that the contribution of slave labours was the engine that propelled the North American economy and financed the industrial revolution in Europe (Eric Williams, 1944). The first colony established permanently in the North Americas by the English was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, where tobacco became the chief commodity traded (John Wilford, 1996). Once it became apparent that more labour was needed to harvest the relatively labour-intensive tobacco crop, the British aristocracy began to look into the need for slave labour. The British had been aware that the Portuguese and Spanish had been engaging in slave trading since the late 16th Century and when Britain became the dominant slave trader in 1670, the main source of these indentured servant being Native Americans and West Africans (Wood, 1997).
Then slaves would be shoved into large slave ships and they were treated very badly, according to BBC’s The
No one cared about how slaves felt. They weren't considered human beings. There were two ways for the captain to load their ships with slaves: loose packing and tight packing. Slaves were often chained ankle to wrist. There were no bathrooms.
Due to the conditions “This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought sickness among the slaves, of which many died,” (25) They were chained and packed which ultimately lead to
Atlantic slave trade can be considered one of the most significant influences in the growth of the Atlantic system. In the West Indies and in the expansion of South America sugar plantations were very success; this was only possible because of the African slave labor. Even though it was cheaper to use natives or indentured servants from Europe, African slaves were seen as a better overall investment. With the mercantilist polices that Europe implemented it allowed for high profits and low competition. From the duration of 1500-1800, over 8 million African slaves took the voyage across the Atlantic.
Between 1500 and the 1860s it is estimated that over 12 million Africans were abducted from West Africa’s coast and forced to work fertile lands cultivating crops such as sugar, tobacco, rice and cotton which was part of what we know today as the Atlantic Slave Trade. This essay will discuss the main reasons that the Atlantic Slave Trade began, these reasons are; deep-rooted racial attitudes, religious attitudes towards slavery, the legal position on slavery, military needs, the British economy, and the labour shortages in the West Indies. While it can be suggested that the labour shortages were the most important reason in the rise of the Slave Trade, this essay will argue that the deep-rooted racial attitudes towards Africans was the key
Through my research, I found it quite difficult to find first hand primary sources from individuals who had been enslaved. Many records were found written by the captains of the ships. Recording many different things like, the weather throughout the day, where the ship was setting course, punishment that was handed out either to the crew or slaves that were enslaved, the amount of rations given to the slaves on the ship and finally the amount of deaths or any illness that took place on the ship. This had to be written in the captain’s logbook