-One of the most talked about subjects in America, is the subject of incarceration. The rates of incarceration are high, the length of time people are being sentenced for certain crimes seems sometimes disproportionate, and it is costing the US more than most like to think about in money, but other areas of life as well. The article “The Caging Of America,” written by Adam Gopnik, brings attention to some of these problems. The article begins by discussing how the time each prisoner spends in prison is a punishment in itself. It explains that having to watch the clock and do the same things most days, is a painful agony for most prisoners. Gopnik then asks the question “How did we get here?” and goes into describing how we in America consider …show more content…
There is plenty in this article to analyze, but for the purpose of my analysis, I will focus on what the primary and secondary aims of it are, and what the tone is that the author, Gopnik, takes. -While reading the article, I found that there was a primary and secondary aim throughout it. I believe the primary aim to be to bring attention to some of the problems there are with the extremely high rates of incarceration we have, where as the secondary aim is to get people to think about how taking all these people out of society and putting them in these cages may not be the best way to handle crime. Some evidence to support the primary aim comes immediately in the second paragraph. Gopnik mentions that large portions of those serving time …show more content…
Evidence of the secondary aim comes when Gopnik writes “If a pill causes a headache, we do not ask too often if the headache might have gone away by itself.” From this you can see that the article was also written to get people to understand that we cannot know what other ways there might be than just putting mass numbers into prisons, that could contribute to a lower crime rate, if we only ever focus on using the prison system.-The tone Gopnik took in writing this article was a strong one as well. It is seen first when he mentions how more people who are poor in America are affected by the prison system throughout their lives than “privileged, professional people.” From this I see that the author feels as though there is an unfair aspect of our system today. Gopnik also compares the mass incarceration to slavery basically saying that the way we dealt with our massive population back in the day was unfair and was by putting those who were underprivileged into the control of those who were privileged. In a way this is what we are doing now, except there are more people in prisons than there were slaves. Out of this comparison, it is easily seen that
Parenti finishes off with the conditions inside and the political order within prison walls. To recognize the issue of mass incarceration it is critical to address how this system came into practice. Lockdown America mentions the role that President Johnson had on setting up the foundation for mass incarceration (Parenti 2001). A point Elizabeth Hinton further analysis in ““A War Within Our Own Boundaries”: Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and the Rise of the Carceral State”.
This article is based on imprisonment and the basic reality of American prisons is not that of the lock and key but that of the lock and clock, so it states. The scale and the brutality of the prisons are the moral scandal of American life. The United States is known to have the highest rate of incarceration per capital to other countries. Many people are trapped for many years in prison, sometimes even for life due to being caught with the procession of marijuana or for committing some brutal crimes. Just like the article stated, around fifty thousand men wake up every day to be found in solitary confinement.
From healthcare to personal safety, inmates are suffering illnesses, abuse, excessive sentences, and maltreatment at an astronomical rate. There has been a vast debate on the issue. There are many arguments for lesser prison sentences and better prison conditions. Mass Incarceration on Trial, A Remarkable Court Decision and the Future of Prisons in America, written by Jonathan Simon, illustrates how our nation has become far removed from treating prisoners as human beings who deserving dignity and our nation has failed to properly address this grossly flawed prison system; particularly California. We as a society know very little about mass incarceration and the atrocities that happen behind the concrete walls of the numerous prisons in
Alexander uncovers the system of mass incarceration. A system of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control criminals both in prison and out of prison. The book also highlights major themes and issues in society today such as racism, inequality, and social justice. Alexander uses statistics and legal citations to argue that the approach Nixon administered, which was more of a get-tough approach to crime, and Reagan’s declaration of the War on Drugs, has devastated African Americans. The main idea that Alexander tries to make is that beginning with slavery and continuing with Jim Crow segregation, mass incarceration places entire groups of people of color into discriminatory positions in society,
Modern sentencing practices are outrageous and out of control. People go to prison for 162 years for stealing a car or 25 to life just for simply making a mistake of leaving their child in the car for no longer than 20 minutes without killing or harming the child. Even the innocent get sentenced major years for crimes they didn’t even commit. Lately sentencing has been crazy, so at this point in time sentence reforming is relevant in this case. To begin with, sentence reforming needs to take place because people are getting way to many years for petty crimes they didn't commit.
The article The Caging of America by Adam Gopnik was published in 2005 and explains that mass incarceration can be divided into two theories, the Northern and the Southern. The Northern theory “focused on the inheritance of the notorious Eastern State Penitentiary and its ‘reformist’ tradition” (Gopnik, 2012). William J. Stuntz, who was a criminal justice scholar and professor at Harvard University, believed that the Enlightenment Era played a role in the prison system and shaped what it is today. He states that “the scandal of our prisons derives from the Enlightenment Eras procedural nature of American Justice” (Gopnik, 2012). More so, Stuntz did not approve of the Bill of Rights which he described as inferior to The French Declaration of
The retribution part is to punish the person for the crime that they permitted against society, and the incapacitation part is to remove that person out of society so they do no further harm. Deterrence means the prevention of future crime, and the rehabilitation teaches life skills and in the betterment. However, author Sandiford says that instead of solving crime, mass incarceration has infected our communities and striking them with devastating symptoms, and prison costs have skyrocketed, inmates ' families have been torn apart, and the system is overwhelmingly stratified by race and class (Sandiford,
This creates problems because it adds to the eminence amount of tax dollars spent every year. In the article “The high price of incarceration in America” by Aimee shows that the average American taxpayer spends about $260 a year that is almost 80 billion dollars a year for incarceration (1). There have been many voters who have been trying to reduce the amount of mass incarcerations that have been going on since the 1980’s. The majority of prisoners who were released between 2014-2015 returned to crime but the rate that they were committing the crime and returning was dropped at an astonishing degree. In the article “Prosecutors Fight to Plan to Lower Drug Sentencing “ by Sari, Horwitz (1) shows how government officials are trying to cut back on the amount of long term sentencing for first time offenders.
The latter of the two creates a situation where incarceration “ceases to be incarceration of individual offenders and becomes the systematic imprisonment of whole groups of the population” (Bobo & Thompson,
The amount of mass incarceration in the United States as reached an all time high over the years. Mass Incarceration is the incarceration of a person or race based off of them being different and can be identified as a trend among law enforcements. These tensions have reached a certain extent and has received the attention of American citizens and the nation’s government. The laws of the United States seems fair, however with the enforcement of these laws, specific groups are targeted and abused by them daily.
The “13th” is a documentary about the American system of incarceration and the economic forces behind racism in America especially in people of color. One of the claims that the author mentioned is that today incarceration is an extension of slavery. It is also mentioned that most of the time in society we are defined by race. In the documentary, we can see how African Americans are sentenced for many years since they are too poor to pay their fines or sometimes most of these people plead guilty to get out of jail fast. However, African Americans are separated from their families and also treated inhumanly in prisons just because they are of a particular race.
The United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for several reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. This literature review will discuss the ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system and how mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism has become a problem.
In Adam Gopnik 's piece “Caging of America,” he discusses one of the United States biggest moral conflicts: prison. Gopniks central thesis states that prison itself is a cruel and unjust punishment. He states that the life of a prisoner is as bad as it gets- they wake up in a cell and only go outside for an hour to exercise. They live out their sentences in a solid and confined box, where their only interaction is with themselves. Gopnik implies that the general populace is hypocritical to the fact that prison is a cruelty in itself.
Angela Davis in her book, Are Prisons Obsolete?, argues for the overall abolishment of prisons. Amongst the significant claims that support Davis’ argument for abolition, the inadequacy of prison reforms stands out as the most compelling. Reform movements truthfully only seek to slightly improve prison conditions, however, reform protocols are eventually placed unevenly between women and men. Additionally, while some feminist women considered the crusade to implement separate prisons for women and men as progressive, this reform movement proved faulty as female convicts increasingly became sexually assaulted. Following the theme of ineffectiveness, the reform movement that advocated for a female approach to punishment only succeeded in strengthening
Over 2 million people are currently being held in United States prisons, and while the U.S. may only hold 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of its prisoners. In the past few years, America’s prison system has fallen under public scrutiny for it’s rising incarceration rate and poor statistics. Many Americans have recently taken notice of the country’s disproportionate prisoner ratio, realized it’s the worst on the planet, and called for the immediate reformation of the failing system. The war on drugs and racial profiling are some of the largest concerns, and many people, some ordinary citizens and others important government figures, are attempting to bring change to one of the country 's lowest aspects.