Tensile Test

CHAPTER 8 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ________________________________________ 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.1.1 Destructive Destructive testing, tests are carried out to the specimen's failure, in order to understand a specimen's structural performance or material performance under dissimilar loads. These tests are usually much easier to carry out, yield more information, and are easier to interpret than nondestructive testing. Destructive testing is most suitable, and economic, for objects which will be mass-produced, as the cost of destroying a small number of specimens is negligible. It is

This resulted in a 19.05 percent error. Figure 1 shows the load versus extension and Figure 2 shows the stress strain curve. Figure 1: Load as a Function of Extension of AA 2024T351 Figure 2: Stress as a Function of Strain Graph of AA 2024T351 AA 5052-0 The material properties of alloy AA 5052-0 is shown in Table 1. Table 2: 5052-0 Specimen Experimental

First and foremost, brittle fracture occurs for quickly and catastrophically without any warning. Ductile materials plastically deforms, thereby slowing down the process of the fracture and giving ample time for the problem to be corrected. Secondly because of plastic deformation, more strain energy is required to cause ductile fracture. Next, ductile materials are considered to be forgiving materials because of its toughness, you can make a mistake in the use, design of a ductile material can be increased through the use of one of the strengthening mechanisms. For example strain hardening, as the ductile material is deformed more and more its strength and its hardness increases because of the generation of more and more dislocations, so, in engineering applications, especially the ones which have safety concerns involved, ductile materials are the obvious choice.

Water is one of the most efficient quenching media where maximum hardness is required, but it is liable to cause distortion and cracking of the work piece. Where hardness can be sacrificed, whale, cotton seed and mineral oils are used. These tend to oxidize and form sludge with consequent lowering of efficiency. The quenching velocity of oil is much less than water. To minimize distortion, long cylindrical objects should be quenched vertically, flat sections edgeways and thick sections should enter the bath first.

The question still remains whether Underbalance really is the best choice or otherwise just another method with flaws and disadvantages. Therefore, the Underbalanced upside can be seen through three main aspects which are the avoidance of formation damage, the increase in productivity and the amount of cost saved while performing this method. The main and most important reason why Underbalanced Drilling was needed is to prevent and minimize the reservoir damage. Reservoir damage in this context means the damage done through the invasion of drilling fluid into the reservoir rock. This happens due to the high pressure of overbalanced drilling in the wellbore as it forces the drilling fluid into the pores of reservoir rocks that are being drilled.

This is because the steel is hard but brittle and has internal stresses. The solution to this is by tempering to increase toughness, reduce the brittleness but in turn reduces hardness. Tempering a steel heats up the steel to temperatures ranging from 200-500°C depending on the desired mechanical properties. Heating after the quenching allows the carbon to diffuse into the martensite to relieve internal stresses. The end result would be the shock absorption capability which depends on the tempering temperature (higher the temperature, higher the shock

The construction methodology is the same with elastomeric bearings; however, the damping is increased by adding carbon block and other fillers. In addition, it has an adequate resistance to service loads. The damping characteristic is in between hysteric and viscous. The energy dissipation is linear and quadratic for hysteric and viscous, respectively. The energy absorption capability help reduced the earthquake energy transmitted to the superstructure.

(Engineers say "Stress is proportional to strain".) In symbols, F = kx, where F is the force, x is the stretch, and k is a constant of proportionality. If Hooke's Law is correct, then, the graph of force versus stretch will be a straight line. Tensile testing experiment Purpose of the experiment: Tensile testing is one of the most fundamental tests for engineering,and provides valuable information about a material and its associated properties. These properties can be used for design and analysis of engineering structures, and for developing new materials that better suit a specified use.The basic idea of a tensile test is to place a sample of a material between two fixtures called "grips" which clamp the material.

High cetane number fuels generally cause lower combustion noise, improved control of combustion, resulting in increased engine efficiency and power output. CN = (u40 + 17.8) 1587.9/ ρ40 Where; u40 is the Kinematic viscosity at 40°C, mm2/sec ρ40 is the density of the fuel at 40°C, Kg/ m3 Flash Point The flash point is the temperature

Drilling a gap in concrete is a helpful and convenient strategy. You can set up racks, hang artistic creations, introduce lights, and do significantly more rapidly and securely. The procedure itself is straightforward, however choosing the correct devices and seeing how to utilize them will spare you a colossal measure of time. Setting Up Hammer drill Drilling concrete is substantially less demanding with a hammer drill, or a revolving hammer for huge occupations. These instruments crack the solid through fast hammering and afterward drill to scoop out the broken material.