Two-Tiered Pluralism Model

What Mu’min is saying here is that it’s not abnormal to see Black men humanized, but that humanization is even more important in our current political landscape, where white supremacists feel more empowered by their racist beliefs thanks to the election of Trump. Right now, proper and positive representation of Black experiences and identity in art is extremely important both in connecting and empowering Black communities and in normalizing Black identity and deconstructing stereotypes that are perpetuated by lack of proper representation. In response to whether or not Moonlight can perform well on it’s own outside of queer and Black audiences, Mu’min writes, “and yet, when I read about whether Moonlight can play well outside of an urban or arthouse audience, I feel like an essential point is being missed. This is not a film that can be easily categorized and labeled. It is undoubtedly a Black film, but it’s not only for Black people or for gay

“Beginning in the late 1870s, Southern state lawmakers passed laws that required Whites and Blacks to attend separate schools and to sit in different areas on public transportation.” (“Jim Crow Laws” 1). People thought these laws were needed because “The Jim Crow system was undergirded by the following beliefs or rationalizations: whites were superior to blacks in all important ways, including but not limited to intelligence, morality, and civilized behavior; sexual relations between blacks and whites would produce a mongrel race which would destroy America;” (“

For example, in case of a legal dispute, the White is more likely to emerge victorious no matter how unjust and oppressing he could be. I agree with Harris, as the laws affirm self-determination and self-liberty for people, however, those rights were not granted equally. The Whites benefited from them in every way, leaving the Blacks unprotected. Even after the emergence of the US constitution, rights were not granted equally. I believe that it is quite hypocritical from the US to possess a constitution, which is addressed to everyone, but not applied to everyone.

The differential treatment of applicants solely on racial grounds is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court ruled that while race is a legitimate factor in school admissions, the use of such inflexible quotas as the medical school had set aside was not. The Supreme Court was split 5–4 in its decision, addressing only a minimal number of the many issues that had be brought up about affirmative

The constitution and the fifteenth amendment were written to promote the American values such as freedom of speech and liberty to vote in a democratic nation. The voting rights should always be guaranteed and requirements to vote should not be complicated. States should also have the right to exercise its sovereignty, but states should not be able to restrict any American citizen the right to vote. This new requirement that states have been implementing prove that racial discrimination has not decreased and the impact in minorities is still relevant. Shelby County V Holder case was extremely important to have a clear understanding of the complexities of American politics and its executive, judicial, and legislative branches.

Throughout this section, Toll addresses Washington’s approach to this ideology as well how other people criticized his work. The third section revolves around the ideology of cultural revitalization. More specifically, Toll discusses W.E.B. DuBois’ belief that the prejudices from white people were not as important to the relationship between races. Instead the most important part was the revitalization of the black community and being able to associate the community with being dignified (312). Ultimately, there is not one specific ideology that can help race relations.

" Where the white people had nicer things than those of color. The supreme court was favored to Plessy making segregation legal. It had an impact because it sparked a movement later on which made segregation illegal by the Brown vs. Board of education

White Privilege and Male Privilege are one in the same if you really look at it and compare the two. In the article that we were advise to assess it gives different opinions and thoughts. But I am going to give my thoughts and views being and African American Women in Southwest Louisiana. Where racism and sexism still exists more so racism than anything.

Stereotypes about minorities can spark from their presence’s perceived invasiveness to the stability that society values in this theory, and lead to racial profiling. Omi and Winant believe a system of racial meanings and stereotypes is prominent in the culture of the United States, and these racial meanings are formed from ideologies that establish and maintain a color line (Omi and Winant 5). This color line is a key concept the dominant white culture values that systemizes inequality and encourages stability in the Functionalist Perspective. Therefore, when the social order of society is challenged by new cultures and assimilation is unsuccessful, prejudice is formed. A large contributor to this prejudice is the media, which has been infamous in spreading images of racial minorities which establish their general appearances and behaviors (Omi and Winant 5).

Another critical concept to Civil Rights is segregation. Segregation is the physical separation of two groups of people,

Supreme Court Decisions Setting Precedent Discrimination may not seen as big a problem today, but people had to fight for that problem, and court cases set precedents for today. The case of Plessy versus Ferguson and Brown versus Board of Education helped change the way we view discrimination today. The case of Plessy versus Ferguson decided that segregation was legal as long as everything was equal. But on the other hand, Brown versus Board of Education included separate but equal schools made African-American children feel inferior to the white children. 1896, Supreme Court heard the Plessy versus Ferguson case.

However, in the mid-20th century, a desire for equality in all aspects of public life became more prominent among the black community. An important court case that further ensured the progression

The ability for people to look at a situation from a different perspective is vital in today’s globalized society. Diversity is the most important, core attribute we each share that gives us the ability to assess new situations through our diverse backgrounds and upbringings. Unlike Patrick J. Buchanan’s argument in his essay titled “Deconstructing America,” diversity is a necessity in America’s culture as opposed to the burden it is described as. Conversely, Fredrickson 's essay titled “Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective,” illustrated a more precise version of American history that disproves Buchanan’s ethnocentric ideologies. Buchanan speaks of diversity on a narrow, one-way street.

The Constitution reserved sovereignty between both sides. It wasn 't until the ratification of the 16th Amendment that the federal government was able to have a much greater influence over the American economy. "...citizens must also possess the minimal resources that are necessary in order to take advantages of the opportunities and to exercise their rights." (p.

They promoted separate but equal facilities that in reality favored whites. Policies concerning equality were thus influenced by social norms of the time.