Henry VIII’s foreign policy during the 1540’s was his war efforts, mainly focusing on Scotland and France. Henry’s interest in Scotland was in an attempt a large-scale plan to rule all of Britain, to avoid a war on two fronts once he went to war with france and due to early successes in Scotland, Henry genuinely believed he could achieve this. Further on Henry continued the war to allow his son, Edward, to marry Mary, queen of Scots. Up until Henry's divorce with Catherine, France had been England's largest and strongest ally due to his marriage. Following his divorce this fell apart and France ultimately became England's largest enemy and England became politically isolated.
The birth of Henry Tudor, later known as Henry VIII, took place on June 28th, 1491, in London, England. He was one of 6 other siblings born to Henry VII and Elizabeth York, but only 3 of his siblings survived their childhood. Though Henry’s brother, Arthur, was expected to ascend to the throne, he died at the young age of 15, leaving the throne to Henry. When Henry was 17 years old, he married Arthur’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, after Pope Julius II granted a dispensation to Catherine’s previous marriage on grounds that it had not been consummated. They remained married for 24 years until Henry divorced her because she was unable to give him a male heir, which was incredibly important because of the War of Roses that lasted 30 years, of which nobody wanted a duplicate.
Henry II was the king of England in the 12th century. Before becoming king, he was already a duke reigning over Normandy, Anjou, Maine and, through his marriage with Eleanor, Aquitaine. Henry came to power in 1154, after the death of his cousin Stephen, in accordance with the Treaty of Winchester made between them a year earlier. (Knowles 2016) He inherited a kingdom that had been torn apart by civil war, but within his reign, which ended with his death in 1189, England had transformed from a state in ruins to a considerable power only second to the Holy Roman Empire.
How successful was Henry in restoring royal authority by 1170? Henry had the essential and perilous task of restoring royal authority. Under Stephen it could be deemed that there was little or no royal authority in place so when Henry came to power he had to lay down the basic fundamentals before he made serious drastic changes.
King Henry’s marriage to Katherine was finally annulled and he remarried to one of the queen’s servants Anne Boleyn but she did not bear a son either. When he died England became mainly Calvinistic with hints of Protestantism. The Catholic Church had a fairly slow response to the accusations of the corruption but they did form the Council of Trent which had the main job of defeating heresy in the Church. This council also introduced the Counter-Reformation which made many changes to the way the Church was being run and added more intellect elements in with the teachings.
“Henry did not face a genuine threat to his position as King from 1485-99.” Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] I find I partly disagree with the statement. Although it’s true that Henry VII was able to overcome all of the major threats to his reign during this period of time, and some of these threats were not as major as others - that does not necessarily mean any of the events were not dangerous enough to jeopardise Henry’s position as King. Notably, Perkin Warbeck’s ability to gain support from many royals around Europe put Henry into a position where he could likely be usurped, had Henry not been smart with his foreign relations, and had the imposter had sufficient military support in order to successfully land in England.
Henry VIII broke away from the Church so that he was able to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon when she would not give him a son as a heir. The church would not grant him his annulment, so he excommunicated himself from the Church. By doing so he became Protestant, and England broke away from the Catholic Church. After Henry died, his son ruled, before he died as well. After the reign of her half brother, Mary I, also known as Bloody Mary, became queen of England.
In the opening scene of the first act of Shakespeare's King Henry VIII, the Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Buckingham discuss the political state of England, introducing King Henry VIII and Cardinal Wolsey as major characters that will be at the forefront of the developing plot. Buckingham speaks of Wolsey very negatively in a passage after Wolsey passes by, insulting him and declaring that he will bring Wolsey's treachery to the king. In this passage Shakespeare depicts Wolsey as scheming and power-hungry to tell the narrative of evil counselors corrupting good monarchs and promote the concept that the king should be more independent as a way of flattering King James I while criticizing his counselor Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. The
King Francis and Queen Mary made a lot of mistakes, yet they forgave each other in the long run. Francis, during a small break between him and Mary, bedded one of Mary’s ladies and closest friend, Lola. She ended up becoming pregnant with his child. Mary forgave them both. Francis had been distracted by the death of his father and pushed Mary away, and when the castle was attacked while he was away, Mary was raped.
December 17, 1610, winter has dawned upon the isolated colonial village in Main, Colonial America. Women and children anxiously wait in their cold, chapped wooden cabins encased with sheets of ice and snow for their husbands and fathers. There is no food. The cries of young children, infants, and toddlers fill the emptiness in the cold, wet, air.
He allowed divorce in his church which allowed him to leave Catherine and get married to Ann. He also took control of land belonging to the Catholic Church and redistributed it to the nobles in England increasing the national treasury. The church of England only had minor differences from the Catholic Church and kept almost all of the Catholic practices. Both Martin Luther and Henry VIII provided new Bibles for their followers and reduce the power of the pope. Both the English Church and the Protestant church allow divorce to be practiced, which appealed to the common
In society today individuals face problems and setbacks in their lives, many strive to find a way to retrieve any lost honor and certainty that keeps their lives balanced. Honor is defined as “ a regard with great respect” can be understood in different aspects from individuals. Certainty, however, is a “ Firm conviction that something is the case”. Despite possibly knowing a method of a person’s preservation, actually being able to achieve this will be the greatest of them all.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the king possessed the greatest amount of power and influence in all of England, right after the Pope of course. In view of this, Henry VIII was able to control the fate of his six wives. He was desperate for an heir to the throne and insisted on divorcing his first wife, but “the pope refused to grant a divorce” (Hung). His “efforts to divorce Catherine,” soon “became a parting of the ways for the English political elite” (David 420). In view of this, Henry VIII was so determined to get his way that “he started a church of his own.
He followed her every word to get closer to the crown, but one: James married Anne, the crowned princess of Denmark, whereas Elizabeth wanted to choose his wife. On Elizabeth’s deathbed, she crowned James the king of England. After this James was as happy as could be, whereas the people were skeptical. Because he was Mary’s son, the Catholics thought that he would stop their persecution and side with their religion, and the Puritans thought he would side with the Catholic religion as well. Because of this, Puritans were saying that James was a corrupt, lazy, coward to try to discredit him as a ruler.
Henry was starting to get frustrated that he didn’t have a male heir and wanted a divorce. In 1503, he asked his Cardinal Thomas Wolsey to get it arranged. However, Catherine kept refusing it. Henry couldn’t kill or behead her because of how powerful Spain was at the time, but Catherine was too boring, at the age of 40, for Henry. So, he went to the Pope to get a divorce, but the Pope didn’t like Henry divorcing one wife to marry another.
