1. Explain why Lansbury chose to focus her research on Alice Coachman (track & field) and Gibson (tennis). (hint: ways they are the same, and ways they are different)?
I felt that Lansbury chose to focus her research on Alice Coachman because she wanted to highlight the ways in which the treatment of female African American athletes has been on going since the early 19th and 20th century. Lansbury explained the convergence of class, gender and race that surrounded African American women in the sports in the 20th century remains the same and the images on athletes on todays media as well. Overall, Lansbury explains how successful black women were on sports and also how both black and white communities viewed them.
2. What differences existed
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In the white press, gender became the essential element around which their careers were interpreted. In addition race was always a factor but it was secondary to gender and this is why Althea Gibson suffered from the emphasis on gender which was that the public began to perceive her tennis playing as too masculine.
3. Describe the gendered construction of stereotypical white femininity in 1940s-1950s America, and explain how these stereotypes differ from those that surround African American femininity?
Black Female African Americans neglected to the point that they and their achievements have been forgotten. There was a study the suggested that the sources for news in the 1940s and 1950s that contributed to the loss of at least
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6. In what ways does Branch argue the NCAA operates as a “slave plantation”? “Cartel”? Professional league? Paternalistic colonizers?
Branch was told by Don Curtis that NCAA operates as a slave plantation because not that many college athletes are able to at least afford to go the movie theaters or take a bus fare home. Curtis argued that athletes should get paid at least something and because they are not getting paid the NCAA makes money and enables universities and corporations to make money from the unpaid labor of young athletes. Which is why slave analogies are made of college athletes.
7. Describe the origins of the term “student-athlete” and “amateurism.” How did these terms benefit universities and the NCAA?
The origin of the terms “student athlete” and “amateurism” was basically the athletic moral authority. Much of the justification for its existence was invested in the claim to protect what it calls the “student- athlete.” T he term is meant to conjure the nobility of amateurism, and the precedence of scholarship to over athletic endeavor. The term student athlete was ambiguous because college players were not students at play nor were they just athletes in college. Student athletes were both high level athletic performers and college
There is the belief that college football is a business, and not an amateur sport. This statement can be followed up with the fact that football players are being played to play football. I personally know people who are on Division 1 teams that are get paid monthly for being on a full scholarship at their school. Their tuition and everything else is paid for, the school is literally paying them to play football for their university. They want the athletes to bring in as much revenue as possible.
an extra 50 hours a week totaling over 90 hours that 's the equivalent to working two full time jobs with a side job. if the NCAA payed their athletes it would be good for the competition. The players would spend less time worrying about finances and they would put more work in and perform better on the field and in the classroom. The athletes can 't even use their own name for profit.
Race, gender, and class, while commonly thought of as separate, are deeply intertwined with one-another. In his book Iron Cages, Ronald Takaki explores and lays out both the ways in which these three connected the ways they are not and the underlying reasons as to why. Following will be the analysis of the three in pairs, so as to better break down the comparisons among the three in relation to one another, concluded with the intersection of all three. Beginning with race and gender, it goes without says that masculinity was emphasized when referring to peoples of color, and femininity was emphasized when referring to white people. This appears to have been used as a way to paint people of color as threats whilst maintaining the white person
One might ask why there are so many loopholes in the 4 and 20 rule and why not calculate “voluntary” workouts when accounting for the time athletes spend on their sport? Given the fact that, through numerous public statements by coaches and athletes in its own study, the NCAA is fully aware that the number of hours athletes are expected to devote to their athletic activities is well above that of the official maximum, why does it continue to limit the number of hours engaged in athletic work per week to 20? An argument can be made that the 4 and 20 rule is in place primarily to give the appearance that athletes are to be students first, an impression the NCAA desperately needs the public to believe if it is to continue to maximize profits.
Watchmen Who makes sure the poll workers counted correctly? Who makes sure the leader of the United States is not a puppet for a big organization running the country? Who…? Reading the Watchmen this idea was apparent throughout the novel, Characters like Rorschach and Nite Owl have to break the rules in order to preserve order. So my question or topic to discuss is if Watchmen occurred today what actions would ensue?
There are many Illegal business methods in the United States of America. Illegal methods include, exploitation, slavery, sharecropping, etc. The sad thing is that all of these things still exist here in the USA. The culprit of all of these crimes is a multi-billion dollar industry, college sports. The NCAA should indeed pay their D1 athletes.
College sports is one of the best-known entertainments around the world. But for the athletes, they are students first then athletes second. For college student-athletes, there are a variety of scholarships and grants to help pay for college or college debt. However, some critics say that student-athletes should be paid a salary like pro athletes would, with help from scholarships or grants. The authors of, College Athletes are being Educated, not Exploited, Val Ackerman and Larry Scott, argue that student-athletes are already paid by free education and other necessities.
Universities across the country are earning millions of dollars each year from their various athletic programs. Many college athletes face countless hardships because they face a magnitude of restrictions while attending college. Student athletes are risking their personal safety and putting their futures at risk for the benefits of the universities. Nevertheless, the only compensation they are allowed to receive is a scholarship that can only be warranted on a yearly basis. Everyone is reaping the benefits of the college athletic programs while the student athletes are the ones who are risking everything with no reward.
A whole new challenge is presented to female athletes to be accepted in a male dominated society. In regards to sport and how female athletes are represented by the media, there is often a lack of diversity to the way in which women are screened. Visually, the structure and implication of females on the front of magazine covers and in print advertisements, differs greatly from that of their male
The 1920’s were a period filled with an overflow of social change and the literature of the time showcased this change, from the changing viewpoints on woman, to the voice of the black community gaining grounds, and the
The first intercollegiate football contest between Rutgers and its’ close neighbor Princeton was the trigger to creating the NCAA and establishing what is now controversially viewed as Amateurism. The legal case involving Buckton v. NCAA was one of the first legal actions brought upon the NCAA in response to violation of antitrust laws. The plaintiffs in the case were Canadian nationals, who previously played on Canadian amateur hockey teams, that were attending a university to play hockey, with the potential to seek professional careers after their tenure in college. The defendants in the case felt as though the players were ineligible due to a violation of amateur rules because they previously competed on amateur teams. The court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, holding judgement that there was reason to believe that the rule deemed to be violated could be interpreted differently for people from other countries than it would be for Americans residents, and there was the possibility of permanent harm to their reputations and future careers (Buckton v. NCAA,
College trustees at both private and public colleges and universities value the brand name recognition that successful athletic teams generate. College athletics have gained immense popularity among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). That in turn leads more students to apply, thereby lowering the number they can accept which makes them more selective, allowing them to attract better students and faculty. Much debate exists about whether or not college sports are beneficial or detrimental to universities, particularly with the rising costs for operating programs.
Emma Carr Read the article "The Sexual Politics of Women's Blues" by Hazel B. Carby before starting the assignment and then answer the following prompt... Discuss, in detail, three ways the blues women achieved and inspired female autonomy while becoming cultural icons and leaders in feminism through their lyrics, attitudes and physical appearance. The Blues Women Previous to the introduction of the Classic Blues to American Society, women were expected to remain in the passive and contained role of mother, housekeeper, and wife. With little chance to break this mold, women around the world were oppressed for centuries, forced to restrain their desires, thoughts, and idealistic lifestyles.
Legal measures have been taken to evaluate the justice of the benefits, obligations, and regulations that colleges and their athletes are to abide by. The issue has been addressed publically at the Division I athletic level, but the Division II and III issues are not addressed with the same earnestness. Being a Division III school, our athletes are exposed to the same struggles that athletes in the other divisions encounter, but are not compensated as much for their efforts as the upper divisions. Roughly the same period of time and effort is expended, but with little return on their investment because the NCAA prohibits any number of athletic scholarships from being given at the Division III
Students on athletic and academic full-ride scholarships alike receive room, board, books, and tuition. However, Biology majors typically don’t help their university earn multi-million dollar television contract. Are athletes “slaves” to the system? My partner Rohit and I disagree.