tartrate, calcium gluconate, cefazolin sodium, cefepime hydrochloride, cefoperazone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, cefotetan sodium, cefoxitin sodium, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, cimetidine hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin, cisatracurium besylate, clindamycin phosphate, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, digoxin, diltiazem hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, dobutamine hydrochloride, dolasetron mesylate, dopamine hydrochloride,
Herb-Drug Interactions: The use of herbs as a complementary and alternative medicine has increased steadily over the last decade. The WHO (2002) report stated that more than 80% of the world market depending on herbal medicinal products. In Asian countries, approximately 80% population use herbal medicine for promoting health conditions and healing several diseases (Young et al., 2011). In India and China, traditionally herbs are widely used in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) systems
also reduce the metabolism of haloperidol, and other antipsychotics, it also reduces the levels of tricyclics, benzodiazepines, warfarin, prednisone, theophylline, and oral contraceptives (Pies 1998) the metabolism of carbamazepine is inhibited by cimetidine and valproates (Downie et al. 2003), verapamil, diltiazem, and erythromycin (Pies 1998). Many interactions may occur between carbamazepine and lithium or other antipsychotics leading to neurotoxicity (Pies
Gastroenteritis:. Infection of the stomach or intestine is called gastroenteritis. Even though viruses cause gastrointestinal infection but bacteria also cause such infections by infecting the lining of the intestine or the stomach. stomach is infectad by large number of pathogenic microorganism and this infection is usually extends to the nearest structures which are the esophagus proximally and duodenum distally. Stomach infections is caused by two gerneral situations which are gastritis and
1. INTRODUCTION Oral drug administration is by far the most preferable route for taking medications. However, their short circulating half-life and restricted absorption via a defined segment of intestine limits the therapeutic potential of many drugs. Such a pharmacokinetic limitation leads in many cases to frequent dosing of the medication to achieve therapeutic effect. This results in pill burden and consequently, patient complains. The phenomenon of absorption via a limited part of the GIT has
Codeine acts centrally in the cough center of the brain to decrease cough with 7 percent being protein bound and distributed well throughout the body and CNS. It crosses the placenta and is distributed into breast milk. Codeine is metabolized by the CYP2D6 oxidative enzyme system in the liver and excreted in the urine (Woo & Wynn, 2012). It’s metabolism by this CYP2D6 system necessitates caution when prescribing it with any other medication that also uses this system (Woo & Wynn, 2012). Codeine
purchased out of the store without a prescription. The over-the-counter medications that can be purchased without a doctor’s prescription are as follows: antacids, like Maalox and Mylanta, that reduce acid production or H-2-receptor blockers, like, cimetidine or Tagamet HB and ranitidine or Zantac, and medications that block acid production and heal the esophagus, like Lansoprazole or Prevacid and Omeprazole or Prilosec, called proton pump inhibitors. In addition to the previously listed medication
Salbutamol undergoes considerable presystemic metabolism in the intestinal mucosa (sulphation) and hepatic conjugation to form an inactive metabolite that is excreted in the urine. Most (approximately 90%) of the dose administered by aerosol is swallowed, but the 10–15% which is inhaled largely remains as free drug in the airways. The plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) is two to four hours. Salmeterol is long acting, with a duration of action of at least 12 hours, allowing twice daily administration
Understanding Renal Failures in Dogs and How to Deal with It Just like in humans, dogs’ kidneys perform the vital function of cleansing the body of harmful toxins. Any problems with the kidneys can lead to renal failures in dogs, which remains to be a serious and often fatal illness despite the various treatment advancements recently developed. With around 60% of dogs and cats dying or getting humanely euthanized because of kidney failure, it is highly important that pet owners are aware of this
RARE NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES: An Overview INTRODUCTION: Syndrome is a clinical guide to symptoms and diagnosis, propose a brief useful resources for knowing a subset of neurological clinical features depict a disease or disorder whereas disorder is an abnormal physical or mental condition.[1] Rare neurological syndromes is one of the challenges to public health. Careful analysis of the signs and symptoms can compare with other neurological diseases. The better treatment options and supportive therapies