Combustion Essays

Combustion Lab Lukas Worcester PGHS Introduction The concepts of hydrocarbons, combustion, specific heat capacity, and endothermic reactions must be understood by the students to complete the lab. Carbon and hydrogen molecules are what actually make up hydrocarbons structure. Hydrocarbons are typically utilized in fuels and lubricants, as well as raw materials such as plastic, rubber, and other materials. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion

Introduction: Internal combustion engines play a dominant role in transportation and energy production. Even a slight improvement will translate into considerable reductions in pollutant emissions and impact on the environment. The two major types of internal combustion engines are the Otto and the Diesel engine. The former relies on an ignition source to start combustion, the latter works in auto ignition mode. An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture. Ignition systems are

submission: 01/12/2014 Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and Butanol(CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) in order to determine which one of them that is the more efficient as a fuel. Objective The purpose of this lab is to determine the fuel efficiency of the two alcohols Ethanol and Butanol, by comparing their respective enthalpy changes. The most efficient fuel will be the one with the highest enthalpy change of combustion. The enthalpy changes will be determined by examining the

A major issue today is the emissions of greenhouse gasses, which harm the ozone layer causing climate change. Internal combustion vehicles are one of the contributors to the greenhouse gas effect and can be reduced by diminishing the use of internal combustion vehicles and introduce electric vehicles. In the article “The car and fuel of the future” Joseph Romm a former Acting Assistant Secretary at the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, states that “the car

apparatus 8. Weigh the spirit burner and record change in weight. 9. Repeat steps 1-8 with fuel 2,3,4 and the unknown respectively Introduction For this experiment, our team decided to identify the unknown alkanol through the process of heat of combustion. A beaker containing a known volume of water will be placed upon a tripod, with a spirit burner filled with 100ml of methane placed underneath. The heat released from the burning of the methane is transferred to the beaker of water. From the temperature

1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Heat engine are produced from internal combustion engine which converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy and actually available on a rotating output shaft. Thermal energy is produced from the conversion of chemical energy of the fuel to the thermal energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air inside the engine. The temperature and pressure of the gases within the engine is raised by thermal energy and the high pressure gas then expands against

invention that changed the lives of all people, not just Americans, was the internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine is an engine that generates motive power by the burning of gasoline, oil, or other fuel with air inside the engine, the hot gases produced being used to drive a piston or do other work as they expand. This engine powers things such as cars and many types of aircraft. The internal combustion engine has changed the way people travel, changed the way we farm, and changed the

The combustion reaction equations for: Cellulose: C6H10O5 + x(O2+3.76N2)  y (CO2) + z (H2O) + k(N2) Solution: 25C_6 H_10 O_5 + 150O_2 + 558N_2 ==> 150CO_2 + 125H_2 O + 558N_2…[1.1] Nitrocellulose: C6H10O5(NO2)3+ x(O2+3.76N2)  y (CO2) + z (H2O) + k(N2) C_6 H_10 O_5 (NO_2 )_3+ 〖3O〗_2+ 7.52N_2  6CO_2 + 5H_2 O + 10.52N_2…[1.2] (5) Amount of less air needed to completely combust the nitrocellulose compared with the cellulose in terms of moles A stoichiometric balance of the combustion reactions

1. Introduction Research surrounding the co-combustion of coal and biomass is important because it provides a more environmentally focused method of power generation that can be used throughout the world. This subject was chosen to bring light to the topic of co-combustion of coal and biomass and to examine recent work performed in this particular area. One of the best ways to curb hazardous emissions is to introduce biomass and waste as replacements for fossil fuels in the power generation process

times faster. Priestley said “But what surprised me more than I can well express was that a candle burned in this air with a remarkably vigorous flame. I was utterly at loss how to account for it.” After John Priestley found how oxygen reacted on combustion he created an experiment. In his Experiment he placed a mouse in a jar of oxygen, expecting it would die in 15 minutes but ended up living for more than an hour. Priestley noted that there was a new biological role for oxygen.

that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship only if the temperature isn’t or doesn’t change Antoine Lavoisier, a French Chemist: 1743-1794, Identified the elements oxygen and hydrogen, also identified the role oxygen had in combustion. Help create the metric system John Dalton, an English Chemist: 1766-1844, Created the “Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures” (named after himself), which stated that the pressure mixture of non-reacting gases exert is equal to the sum of the partial

observable hydrates and to determine if dehydration is a reversible or irreversible change. The lab consisted of attaining a pea-size sample of each compound, burning it over a bunsen burner, and comparing the starting mass and the mass lost after the combustion. These results are important to be able to identify a variety of different chemicals that contain water molecules as part of their crystalline structure. Some can be removed by heating (resulting in evaporation) and some remain mostly unchanged

rumors were heard about people suddenly catching on fire. Spontaneous combustion is the technical term that was given. People catching on fire for no apparent reason, whether in crowds, at home, shopping with friends, or even at work behind a desk. Nothing but ash and a small amount of bone was all that remained. The scariest part of the rumor? Just how quickly it happened. Like the fabled phoenix of myth and legend, the combustion occurred and ended in less than a few seconds. Rumor and superstition

to air solutions and observe the combustion reaction when said solution is lit. The reaction between a dilute (0.1 mole per litre) aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethyne is also to be investigated. Procedure: All the instruments and materials used in the lab were inspected for faults and potential dangers. A camera was set up so that the reactions may be captured and replayed. For the first four ethyne gas combustion reactions, preparation was made by

1. The reaction is an oxidation and reduction reaction. Bubbles were observed because oxygen is being release from the reaction as a gas as part of the reduction part of the reaction. Enzymes work efficiently at a body temperature of 37o C therefore if the enzyme was boiled before adding it to the peroxide there would be no bubbles due to the fact that the enzyme would be denatured. The enzyme would be inactivated. 2. The catalase which is the enzyme breaks down the substrate hydrogen peroxide forming

FlRE HAZARDS ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL Fire is caused by the interaction of three elements, known as the fire triangle: heat, fuel and oxygen. The fire triangle is fundamental to understanding the prevention, control and extinction of fire. Fire spreads by means of direct burning, heat radiation, conduction and convection. Fires are classified into five categories based on the fuel type. This classification is fundamental to identifying the means by which each type of fire may be extinguished

To purify metal you have to melt the ore in a crucible, or a container that can resist great heat. A crucible, such as a steel container, clay, and some ceramics can withstand great heat. Crucifixion, the SAT’s and Mr.Maloney's class are all examples of a crucible. Where everyone who enters or gets chosen is severely tested. The Romans placed gladiators in a crucible, a container called a coliseum to fight to the death. I was very contentious with my parents as they wouldn’t let me go to a friends

Did you know that trees contain the same kind of compound of gasoline? It's true! When wood is heated to 150c its cells start to break down and release volatile gases called smoke. They full of hydrocarbons, the same kind of molecule that you find in other fuels like octane and methane. When there heated up enough hydrocarbons ignite easily and burn really well so, if that smoking would get even hotter those gases react quickly with the oxygen and combust to form flames. And that friends, is the

Explanation of the Reaction A combustion reaction is a chemical change in which a compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy in the form of heat and light.1 Candles make light by making heat, and all of the light a candle makes comes from the chemical reaction combustion. 2 Once you light a candle, the wax near the wix melts from the heat of the flame. The liquid wax is then drawn up the wick by capillary action. Because the flame is so hot, it vaporizes the liquid wax, turns it into a hot

Prediction Purpose The purpose of the investigation is to use calorimetry in order to determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of magnesium by using Hess’s Law. Question What is the molar enthalpy of combustion ∆Hc, of magnesium? Materials Investigation 4.5.1 Pg. 351 Eye protection Steel wool Magnesium oxide powder 10 to 15cm strip of magnesium ribbon 100mL graduated cylinder 1.00 mol/L hydrochloric acid 3 Styrofoam cups (calorimeter) Eye dropper Mass scale GLX temperature