Institutional theory Essays

In his new institutional theory of art, George Dickie comes to the conclusion that “a work of art is an artifact of a kind to be presented to an artworld public,” a theory which he views as ultimately classificatory and which rejects both the traditional theories of art as well as the anti-definitionalist theories of art. To break down this concept, one must begin with the notion of the “artifact,” which Dickie refers to as a thing—not necessarily an object—that consists of altered, previously existing

Performativity Judith Butler originally made sense of the concept of performativity and subjectivities through gender roles. Foucault’s analysis of governmentality leads to “…a normative ideal which is unilaterally imposed by an external sovereign.” (Disch, 1999: 554). Drawing on Foucault’s argument that power is productive through governmentality, Butler describes this process as the subject comes into being through a matter of performativity (Mills, 2003: 258) and does so “…through conjoining

Langston Hughes uses images of oppression to reveal a deeper truth about the way minorities have been treated in America. He uses his poems to bring into question some of Walt Whitman’s poems that indirectly state that all things are great, that all persons are one people in America, which Hughes claims is false because of all the racist views and oppression that people face from the people America. This oppression is then used to keep the minorities from Walt Whitman in his poem, “Song of Myself”

In Master Harold and the Boys, Fugard develops the relationship between a white boy and a black man to criticize the racial segregation that the apartheid brings to society. In Fugard's resolution, he expresses the need for "progress" (15) in the "bloody awful world" (15) corrupted with racism. He concludes his play demonstrating the negative impact of racism in society, yet he leaves his conclusion open for the possibility for a better outcome. Through Fugard’s use of stage directions and lighting

Introduction It is rightly said that Health is the first of life and wealth serves as the next of life .The meaning of Health varies from person to person rather than being absolute. According to WHO (1946) Health is defined as a complete state of physical, mental and social well being and is not just the absence of disease or frailty. It is an essential right of every individual to attain a complete pleasurable standard of health without the distinction of race, rituals, political beliefs or the

But they don't know how to at the moment. They probably wonder how black people deal with racism. Boo radley might deal with it by just staying inside his house all that time. People also judge him for doing that and that's why there are so many r=theories on him, some people think hi murdered his father and that he is really crazy. It's probably very hard for them to deal with because there are so many people who are racist there. They probably just try to cancel it out and ignore

In the poem, "When I Was Growing Up”, Nellie Wong relates the struggles of a Chinese girl growing up, searching to find her voice in a predominantly white cultural majority. The speaker begins the poem with, “I know now that once I longed to be white,” (1). This speaker longs for the privileges she attributes to being a member of the cultural majority. Ashamed of her darker Asian skin and Chinese culture, the speaker laments, “…I could not change, I could not shed / my skin…” (49, 50). The poem details

Ethical Violations By Essence Sanchez Professor Sabina Balkaran Keiser University February 10, 2017 What is Ethics? Ethics or moral principles is presumably recognized as a set of conduct codes that one should live up to in which distinguishes between behaviors or thoughts that are considered unacceptable or acceptable in society. Ethical guidelines have been reinforced to protect the people from any psychological or physical damage.(Resnik, 2015) As one grows older one is taught morals

Libertarianism is one among them, which is looked as a political philosophy that strongly focuses on the component of justice. According to this theory, people as persons have to be treated with justice, and the rights for their possessions have to be respected. The most popular libertarianism theory is “entitlement theory” proposed by Robert Nozick, (1974). According to him, distributive justice basically comprises of three principles including, principle of justice in acquisition

From 1939 to 1945, Nazi doctors and physicians conducted roughly 70 research experiments, many resulting in death. These cruel experiments were normally conducted in concentration camps. The Nazis had three main areas of research: survival and rescue of german troops, testing of new pharmaceuticals and medical procedures, and experiments trying to confirm Nazi racial ideology. Some of the doctors involved in these experiments were: Karl Brandt, who was Hitler's personal physician and the major general

creation of the Institutional Review Board Guidebook, which was last updated in 1993 (IRB Guidebook, 1993). Protection for human subjects began with the Nuremberg Code when judging the human experimentation done by the Nazis (IRB Guidebook, 1993). Other studies had been conducted using human subjects that led to the Belmont Report. One such unethical study is Johnson’s Monster Study that was conducted in 1939 on a group of orphans (Reynolds, 2003) that violated the Institutional Review Board guidelines

The degree of stability during the PRI reign was dubbed as the “pax priísta”, much of which resulted from the control they commanded over the political arena and the co-optation of dissident groups (Alke Jens 486). Although this period was not entirely devoid of violence, what did exist did not stem solely from the drug trafficking organizations (DTOs), but also in part as an extension from the party itself (Alke Jens 468). The PRI’s command of the political and state apparatus allowed for the creation

findings analytically. This interrelated framework attempts to understand learning processes relating to formal institutional educational provisions as well as informal, dynamic learning environments and, finally, how such learning processes interconnect with practices of power. For this purpose, the theoretical framework is subdivided it into three main sections. The first section discusses theories on social development and learning, introducing

Complexity Thinking Complexity theory is, as the name implies, a way of understanding complex systems; it is difficult to understand. Complexity theory has evolved from studies in physics, mathematics, computer sciences, and biology, and is related to (and includes aspects of) chaos theory. A descriptive way in which we can conceptualise complexity theory is provided by Kevin Kelly, author of New Rules for the New Economy, who says complexity is, “to think like nature.” Another description he uses

Theory laden observation highlights that anything observed by humans is shaped and interpreted by their past encounters or culture around them (Scudder, 1997). In this case, the past experiences of scientists who approve of animal testing can be examined

attention is more focussed on the values governing scientific activities, and this he calls ‘cultural structure of science’ rather than the institutions themselves. This he states is a ‘limited introduction to a larger problem’ mainly the ‘study of institutional structure of science’ (Merton, 1942). However, not only had Merton argued that the social scientist changed but the roots and sociological landscape of science changed during World War II and moved from society to the study of organisations and

Introduction Or Nah by Ty Dolla $ign is a very popular song with more than 169 million views on YouTube ("Ty Dolla $ign - Or Nah ft. The Weeknd, Wiz Khalifa & DJ Mustard [Music Video]"). The song is highly focused on women and most importantly making females out to be objects present only for the pleasure of the artist. Within the context of this song, and songs like it, women, who are typically the subject of the song, are pressured into sexual situations that might be objectionable or uncomfortable

Thomas Kuhn In 1962, Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996) published his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. In reaction, the book caused an uproar because of Kuhn’s critique of science and the way scientists conduct research. In his book, Kuhn introduces the concept of ‘paradigms’ and to be able to explain what Kuhn defines as such and the influence these have on science and the acquisition of knowledge, an explanation of Kuhn’s terms ‘normal science’ and ‘revolution’ will also take place in

Rene Descartes’ view on the mind-body problem is one that is much debated even today, nearly four centuries since his demise. To discuss the mind-body problem, we must first establish the definitions of mind and body, and how Descartes came upon these definitions. Following that, we can then discuss the validity of his views, and some of the criticisms his views have received. To explain how Descartes arrived at his views of the mind and body, we must look into his process of systematic doubt.

“World is not designed by science, but by art in spite of some pretence and humbug to the contrary. I do not mean to suggest that engineering can do without science, on the contrary, it stands on scientific foundations, but there is a big gap between scientific research and the engineering product which has to be bridged by the art of the engineer” I still remember the day I witnessed the scaled models of famous civil structures in the annual science and technology festival of Indian Institute of