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Abrasive Water Jet Analysis

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Introduction
In abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting a very thin and powerful abrasive water jet is used to create a narrow cut. By mixing abrasives into the water jet, the energy density of the jet is increased and that makes it possible to cut materials as metals, hard materials as ceramics and inhomogeneous materials as reinforced concrete (Kals, et al., 2012). The AWJ process itself has several steps. Converting the potential energy of high-pressurized water into kinetic energy, transferring momentum from the high-velocity water jet to the abrasives and use the kinetic energy of the AWJ to cut the material (Janković, Igić, & Nikodijević, 2013). advanced manufacturing Process or system
Description of the manufacturing process
A typical AWJ …show more content…

Point 2 in Figure 4 is the primary nozzle which is used to convert the potential energy of water at high pressure into kinetic energy of the water jet (Janković, Igić, & Nikodijević, 2013). This means that the high-pressurized water with relatively low velocity is converted into a very thin, high-velocity water jet at atmospheric pressure. If losses (friction and change of flow pattern) are neglected and since water is incompressible, this can easily be derived from Bernoulli’s principle, namely the incompressible flow equation given below: p+(ρv^2)/2+ρgz=constant With p the pressure at a specific point, ρ the density of the medium, v the speed of the medium at that point, g the gravitational acceleration and z the height of that point above a reference plane.
When applying Bernoulli’s principle between a point in front and after the orifice, a formula can be set up to calculate the water jet velocity. When ignoring the differences in height of both points, assuming that the atmospheric pressure at the end of the orifice is negligible compared with the pressure of the high-pressurized water and the velocity in front of the orifice is zero, the velocity of the water jet can be calculated as follows (Janković, Igić, & Nikodijević,

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