Advantages Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

With a frame based technique, application to the coordinate system to the skull allows the brain to be described with Cartesian coordinates.

This statement is true, but MRI scans provide distinct advantages over other forms of imaging. They do not subject the patient to radiation as many other types of imaging such as CT scans and molecular imaging do. Radiation is harmful because if cells are exposed to high doses of radiation over a short period of time, they may be killed. On the other hand, low doses of radiation over a longer period of time can result in damage or change to cell tissues. MRI’s eliminate as they do not use ionizing radiation. In agreement with the advantages of MRI, Kidwell et al. claim that MRI scans are just as accurate as CT scans in the detection of severe hemorrhage in patients with acute focal stroke symptoms; however, when it comes to detection of chronic intracerebral hemorrhage, MRI scans are much more accurate than CT scans (1823). Most patients hope to receive the best care they can and in some cases, like chronic intracerebral hemorrhaging, magnetic resonance imaging is the best form of medical imaging available. Unfortunately, if they have a tattoo, they may not be eligible to undergo a

It has shown structural differences between the brain of schizophrenics and controls. One of the major differences observed is the significant loss of grey matter (about 25%) in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain of schizophrenic patients. Considering the fact that the frontal lobe is associated with thinking, emotions, speech and the temporal lobe is associated in the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli can explain the development of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations. MRI scans have shown enlarged ventricles in the brains of schizophrenic patients compared to normal people which is associated to the loss of brain tissue. Reveley et al (1986) compared CT scans of monozygotic twins of whom one was schizophrenic while the the other was normal and was able to observe the enlarged ventricles. PET scans show less brain activity in the prefrontal region in the brain of individuals suffering from schizophrenia compared to controls. Stevens (1982) observed fibrillary gliosis which is the formation of a dense fibrous tissue network in places of brain damage usually by astrocytes, in the diencephalon of 70% of schizophrenic patients. This led to the neuropathological study of schizophrenia. (P. J.

For centuries, our world has developed from agricultural age into a technological era. Nowadays, we are surrounded by all kinds of electrical equipment to serve our work and life with much higher efficiency. There are tons of innovations and new technologies that have been developed recently: Internet, robots, social apps and new treating methods. Those technologies are developing really fast at a speed we could never image before. However, as time goes by, it also brings people concerns, is those technologies going to bring any threat to our daily life? In Lauren Slater’s essay, “ Who Holds the Clicker?”, the author introduced a new method, DBS--Deep Brain stimulation Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)--which is a faster way to treat the patient 's’

Multiple Sclerosis is primarily a T-cell mediated immune inflammatory disease that disrupts the regular functions of our central nervous system. Our central nervous system, the brain and the spine, are responsible for many of our voluntary and involuntary movements. However, in patients with Multiple Sclerosis, the immune system attacks the myelin sheaths that protect the nerves of the CNS. After repeated attacks, the myelin sheath will fall apart, and the immune cells will continue to attack the nerves themselves, which can be irreversibly damaged. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis include fatigue, numbness, weakness, vision problems, depression, and walking difficulties. In the United States, more than 350,000 patients

Due to medical advances, doctors can identify diseases before they become a problem and treat them effectively. “Disease is a biological process, and nuclear medicine provides images of these processes.” Most radiotracers interact with a biological process and emit radiation. Detector systems collect these signals, and computer programs rebuild them into diagnostic images. Nuclear medicine differs from other imaging techniques which visualize structure and shape (anatomy) versus a biological process (physiology)(U.S. Department Converting Energy to Medicine)." Studies of Huntington’s with brain scans show that some people already have the disease, years before any symptoms appear.

Since its introduction, the use of TMS in clinical neurophysiology, neurology, neuroscience, and psychiatry has spread widely, mostly in research applications, but increasingly with clinical aims in mind.

Symptoms experienced by patients clinically diagnosed with dementia include drastic mood and personality changes, problems with language, decrease in motivation and forgetfulness. There is a gradual decline in cognitive abilities and memory, impairing day to day living.

In the Crash Course video, I learned about the different structures of the brain. Franz Joseph Gall, the first phrenologist, introduced a new theory in the early 1800’s. Gall believed that a person’s personality was linked to the ridges and bumps on the skull. However, scientists today understand that the brain contains different parts that are responsible for specific functions. One system of the brain is commonly referred to as the “old brain”. This inner core layer of the brain keeps the body’s basic functions running smoothly. Another system is the limbic system, which includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. These structures are responsible for memory, motivation, emotion, and learning. The largest part of the brain is the

The idea reckons on a fact that the susceptibility of different tissues could act as a contrast. Magnetic susceptibility of different tissues makes them go out of phase with each other thus helping in determining a signal from a particular tissue. SWI is three to six times sensitive than a T2* Gradient Echo MRI. A neuron is the basic unit of a nervous system. It has a cell body which is referred as soma, that comprise of nucleus and ribosomes that helps in protein synthesis. The dendrites are a series of outgrowth branches of the cell body. The axon which is also termed as nerve fiber is a long process that extends from the cell body and carries outgoing signals to its target cells. Axon terminal is the end of a neuron, which is responsible for releasing neurotransmitter into the synapse. A synapse is an environment through which neurons communicate and transmit signals. Axons traverse the white matter while cell bodies are present in the gray matter. A Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) can be used to track motor fiber and thus can help understand if a patient have a white matter track

Alzheimer’s Disease is imperative because it affects a vast majority of our society. This disease has the potential to ruin ones life because it diminishes their memory. The memories that they have held close to their hearts their entire life. Alzheimer’s Disease makes the individual dependent on their loved ones, which then impacts the ones around them.

Major Depressive Disorder affects nearly 7% of the US adult population. Four factors typically sustain depression. Factors include social seclusion, poor attitude, gripping fear, and a profound feeling of inadequacy, and humility. Major Depressive Disorder falls under the Unipolar Depression and is associated with different types. Reactive depression which is a response to a specific external event or events; physical based; mixed depression which involves both reactive and biological; and atypical depression which is a more severe biological depression (Wegmann, 2015).

Studies have shown that TBI induces the rapid accumulation of proteins in brain tissue (in the cortex) similar to those found in neurodegenerative diseases, namely AD. The primary clue that indicated a potential link between AD and TBI was the Aβ (amyloid-Beta) plaque, a hallmark of AD, which was found within days in up to 30% of patients who died from a single incident of brain trauma in a study conducted by Roberts et al. 1994. A study on a pig model conducted by Smith et al., 1999 revealed that the plaques were found mainly in the white matter with axonal pathology as well as in layer III of the cortex; although, some models did reveal some accumulation in the grey matter. Aβ is derived via the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β- and γ- secretase (Uryu et al., 2007). To be more precise, its aggregation is mediated by β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) of the β-secretase and presenilin, which is the active site of the γ- secretase (Blennow,

MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. The MRI scan allows doctors to see soft tissues in the body such as organs and muscles without the bones hindering the view. In the pelvis scan, the MRI allows he doctor to see the bones and the blood vessels and some other soft tissues in the area between your hips where the reproductive organs are held and numerous critical muscles; pelvis.

Cerebral palsy is a life-long static physical disability that doesn’t worsen, nor get better over time. Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term that covers a few different types of CP. Cerebral palsy has many great affects on one’s physical development such as muscle tone, movement, coordination, control, balance, gross/fine motor functions and oral motor functions in ways to make a person’s life more difficult.