Annotated Bibliography
Beck, Jennifer.
Freedom Heroes. Freedom Heroes: Chief Joseph. [Online]. [Accessed 29 October 2016] Available from: http://myhero.com/hero.asp?hero=c_joseph
Chief Joseph was born in 1840 in the Wallowa Valley, now called Northeastern Oregon. He was given the name Hin-mah-too-ya-lat-kekht, but given the name Joseph after the missionaries baptized him. This was the same name as his father upon his conversion to Christianity in 1838. They lived in peace with the whites for some time until 1855, when the Nez Perce signed a treaty with the US government. It stated they would give up their tribal lands and in return whites would not intrude on the Wallowa Valley. The deal was broken when they found gold on their territory.
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The history of the Nez Perce people go back as far as 1750 when the French made contact, up to the death of Chief Joseph on September 24 1904. Chief Joseph’s real name is Hin-mah-too-ya-lat-kekht meaning “Thunder rolling in the mountains,” he had nine children, five girls and four boys all of whom had died, and how he had two wives. Chief Joseph never stopped pushing for the return of his people back to their homeland, but never got his wish. The last few years of his life you could tell he was getting weaker. When he passed away a lot of people said he passed away from a broken heart. There was a potlatch in him name where his wives agave away his prized possessions, even some was given the white men that knew …show more content…
From where the sun now, stands, I will fight no more forever”. The US Government broke a treaty with the Nez Perce forcing them off their lands of the Wallowa Valley to be put on a reservation in Northwest Idaho. When Chief Joseph heard about a few young Nez Perce killing a few white settlers he started one of the greatest retreats in American military history. Over the next three months Chief Joseph led his people 1,000 miles to try and get to the Canadian border with 2,000 strong army after them. They were not successful, only 40 miles short Chief Joseph was surrounded by the US
They were the largest tribe in their region. Throughout the seasons, the Nez Perce would travel to different villages depending on the presence of food in a given area. Each year they traveled the same general route coordinating through temporary camps as well as permanent villages for the harsher winter months. Their territory was one without much restriction. During migratory months the Nez Perce were known to travel as far as the Great Plains of Montana for live hunting.
The book 1776 of David McCullough is very interesting history book. It took you back to the most relevant history time of American history of 1776. The book captures your attention with well-written narrative and format. The New york Times reviewed the book as “ the book is nonetheless a stirring and timely work, reminding us that it is soldiers rather than tavern patriots and windy politicians who have always paid the price of American idealism and determined successes” in 2005. David McCullough is a native Pennsylvanian.
My group read a Nez Perce legend “When Sweat Lodge Was Human". The Nez Perce tribe was located in Northwest America but now has a 750,000 acre reservation in Idaho. The Nez Perce was a migratory tribe and their diet consisted of such foods as roots, moose, buffalo, elk, salmon, potatoes, carrots, blackberries, elderberries, pine nuts, strawberries, and sunflower seeds. From what I have read and analyzed The Nez Perce Tribe believes that In the beginning of time before humans all the animals met together in a group and had a discussion. This discussion was about the animals and what their roles in wildlife would be.
John Ross a Cherokee Indian Chief John Ross was born on October 3, 1790 in Turkeytown, Alabama near present day Center, Alabama. He was born to a Scottish/Indian mother, and a Scottish father. Though, he was only 1/8 Cherokee Indian (on mothers side.) His mother and grandmother raised him according to Cherokee traditions. He enjoyed wearing Cherokee traditional clothing when he was a child and a young man, but as he got older, he dressed like a white man.
Traveling over 1,500 miles, through what would become the four states of Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, and finally Montana, the fugitive Nez Perce kept moving – they were determined to reach safety for themselves and their families. Their long journey took them through the newly established Yellowstone National Park where they encountered several groups of tourists. The journey lasted more than three months, across mountains, rivers, and prairies. The U.S. Army, commanded by General Oliver O. Howard, pursued them most of the way until Colonel Nelson A. Miles took over the chase. There were many battles -- White Bird Canyon, Clearwater, Big Hole, Camas Meadows, and Canyon Creek.
Based on the reading and research that took place throughout the unit altogether, the conclusion of agreement has been met with Morgan’s central ideas because the famous figures aren 't the only ones who made history take place, the common people did also. In the speech “Chief Joseph Speak…,” the Nez Perce tribe became a big contribute to the westward expansion because they came to the conclusion that instead of fighting with the white men they would try to make peace with them (Nez Perce Chief P4 L22-24). In the chapter “Reporting to the president, September 23- December 31, 1806. ”
“Strong words outlast the paper they are written upon. ” (Joseph Bruchac). Despite their relatively short and hidden modern history, the Native American story is much like the paper Joseph Bruchac is describing. The time period between the Europeans first landing in the Americas and WW2 endangered the entire Native American race. The Native americans were the “strong word” when their old America or “paper” wore away, they were able to outlast their troubles and make a better situation for themselves.
Joseph Bruchac was born in October 16, 1942 in Saratoga Springs, NY. But lived in the Adirondack MT. foothills town of Greenfield Center in New York. He has a sister named Margaret and two grown sons named James, and Jesse. Joseph is an American Indian heritage one of his heritage background includes Slovak and English blood.
Albert Einstein once said “insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” The Nez Perce had something to the same affect for instance, trusting the Europeans with treaties and being let down once then over again. Trading with the Europeans even if they deemed them unsuitable to keep land. In essence, the reason the Nez Perces were led to their demise is because of the continuation of trust between them and the whites who arrived in the Northwest moreover, how the Nez Perces stayed in a relationship with them. A relationship that was full of curiosity, misunderstanding and miscommunication that showed how it slowly went from choice to control for the Nez Perce.
Many cultures have different beliefs on how earth came to be. Native Americans shaped people 's society. They give individuals multiple views of how cultures have changed lives. The tribes Huron, Nez Perce, and Medoc share stories of their cultural beliefs. In “The Sky Tree”, “Coyote finished his Work” and “Blackfeet Genesis” all portrayed natural beliefs, complex religious beliefs and social values.
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce begged for surrender as his people were dying because of fighting, lack of food, and freezing to death.
“When he fell in the Bunker-hill battle, co-laborers in the cause, who felt the magnetism of his influence, and knew the value of his service, declared that his memory would be endeared to the worthy, in every part and age of the world, as long as virtue and valor should be esteemed among mankind.” - The Life And Times Of Joseph Warren ~ Dr. Joseph Warren, at the time of his death, was deemed worthy to be remembered forever and yet he has become forgotten in many modern tellings of the history of the United States. Joseph Warren was born on June 10, 1741 in Roxbury, Massachusetts to Joseph Warren Sr. and Mary (Stevens) Warren. Joseph Warren was a diligent and thrifty apple farmer, who was held in high regards by his fellow townsmen. In October
Chief Joseph feared retaliation by the government and tried to take his people to safety. They got captured and the Nez Perce moved to Kansas, but the fearless leader never gave up. In 1877 the Nez Pierce were ordered to special land reserved for Native Americans. The Nez Pierce ddnt want to go. Instead, Chief Joseph tried to lead 800 of his people to Canada.
They took their land their houses their houses, and their weapons. Then, they end the services of the Apache Scouts, they took their guns and they sent them to Florida with the other Apache people even though they helped them capture Geronimo. Also, they did not kept their end of the deal with Geronimo. They told him that he have to go to Florida for two years and after two years he can return to Arizona, but they did not let him return to his home even after 22 years. In my opinion, I think the United States Government did not let Geronimo return to Arizona because he is a legend and he can start a war on the United States army like what he did when the army of the United States killed a dreamer.
Andrew Jackson is known for being a major advocate for the superfluous removal of the Native American tribes. Jackson was being oblivious when he decided that he should ignore the treaties signed with the natives. The president was exhibiting selfishness and naïveté by confiscating the lands of the natives, to which they rightfully owned. Jackson had forced the “five civilized tribes,” which were natives who had adopted their neighbor’s ideas. These tribes were forced to make a long and perilous journey to the west of the Mississippi River.