Flavonoids Essay
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In order to estimate antimicrobial activity and to investigate the phytochemicals of of Mentha longifolia L. ,Pongamia glabra L. and Aloe vera L. a lab experiment was carried out in M.Phil lab of Botany. Department of Botany, University of Gujrat.
3.1) Collection and Identification of Plant Materials
The fresh leaves of Mentha longifolia L. ,Pongamia glabra L. and Aloe vera L. were collected from nursery of Gujrat, Pakistan. The specimens were identified with the help of Flora of Pakistan. Specimens were made by using the accustomed method by drying, pressing and mounting on the herbarium sheets. Specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Botany Department, University of Gujrat. 3.2) Sample Preparation
The Plant material of (
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Formation of intense yellow colour, which becomes colourless on addition of dilute acid, indicates the presence of flavonoids (Roopashree et al., 2008).
f) Detection of Phenols:
Test for Phenols: Extracts were treated with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. Formation of bluish black color indicated the presence of phenols.
g) Detection of Carbohydrates:
Benedict's test: To 1 ml of the filtrate, 5 ml of Benedict's reagent were added. The mixture was heated; appearance of red precipitate indicated the presence of reducing sugars.
h) Detection of Proteins:
Millon's test: Small portion of the extract when mixed with 2ml of Millon's reagent, White precipitate appeared which turned red upon gentle heating that confirmed the presence of Protein.
i) Detection of Steroids:
Test for Steroids: The extract was mixed with 2ml of chloroform and concentrated sulphuric acid was added sidewise. A red color produced in the lower chloroform layer indicated the presence of steroids.
3.6) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
M-STAT was used for the determination of mean ± SE using replicate data of
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