Autism Speaks Inc. (2012): A Case Study

First we must understand ABA is not a treatment for autism but it does work in the treatment of autism (Newman, 2012; Sigafoos, 2008). Behavioral treatment and education of autism previously was through the use of psychodynamic treatment (Celeberti, Alessandri, Fong, & Weiss, 1993). Unfortunately, there were no empirical validation that these techniques were successful in the behavioral treatment and education of those with autism (Celeberti, Alessandri, Fong, & Weiss, 1993). As an alternative to psychodynamic treatment, the emergence of behavior therapy in combination with operant conditioning began in the early 1960’s (Celeberti, Alessandri, Fong, & Weiss, 1993). The challenging behaviors of those with autism were believed to have a function and could be changed by controlling the antecedent and reinforcing stimulis (Celeberti, Alessandri, Fong, & Weiss, 1993). Beginning the path of utilizing behavioral interventions of autism and the the principles of ABA. Throughout the years ABA principles have been applied with children with autism by implementing programs such as Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS), teaching appropriate behaviors through social reinforcers, and behavior modification of challenging behaviors within various environments (Celeberti, Alessandri, Fong, & Weiss, 1993; Lovass,

Partnership with children, young people, their parents and family members has become a vital part in interagency working to ensure that children are safeguarded (HM Gov 2015). The importance of this can be acknowledged from the fact that it is a repetitive theme in the Children Act (Williams 1997), also New Labour policy highlighted the significance of this after weaknesses were found in agencies working together to safeguard children(Dunhill et al. 2009). This essay will discuss how partnership with young people, their parents and families is important in interagency working and will argue that barriers can occur, but can be overcome.

In the United States it is estimated that 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with autism, about 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls are estimated to have this disorder (What is Autism?, 2018). When a child is diagnosed with autism or autism spectrum disorder, it means that the child is having challenges and difficulties with their “social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences” (What is Autism?, 2018). There are many strengths and weaknesses that a child can have when they are autistic, however, not every child will have the same strengths or weakness. Some of the strengths associated with autism can be having a great attention to detail, high skilled in a

I believe this statement is bringing attention to the essential role a child 's primary caregiver plays in the child 's individual development. A child 's first social interaction is most often with their primary caregiver. This relationship established between the child and the primary caregiver is one of the child 's very first child-adult relationships. This relationship provides the child with a safe and secure context for learning and development. In order for this relationship to be positive and effective, the adult must incorporate warmth, acceptance, genuineness, empathy, and respect when interacting with the child. Incorporating these elements when interacting with children allows the child to feel safe within their environment,

Silberman further advances his argument by denigrating the "dehumanizing" advertising methods and scrutinizing the representatives of Autism Speaks about the astonishing statements they have made in the past. Because Autism Speaks is a widely known organization, Silberman uses the weight of influence they have over the public to his advantage. For instance, co-founders Bob and Suzanne Wright have frequently referred to children on the spectrum, including their own grandson, as "missing." Their insinuation that Autistic people, including their own grandson, are incomplete, lost, or not who they 're supposed to be is an appeal to pathos which may arise emotional responses such as hurt, outrage, and/or confusion. Many would either feel targeted

In the video, “ Autism Everyday ”, parents give personal testimonies of the difficulties and challenges to raising a child with autism. Autism can be best described as a spectrum disorder. Meaning, the individual has a severe developmental disorder that inhibits his or her ability to interrelate fully and converse with other individuals. Parents of autistic children become lifelong advocates and caregivers to his or her child throughout their life. Children with autism do not have the ability to communicate effectively with one another, which presents a rather challenging task in terms of expressing his or herself. According to the video, parents of autistic children tend to create friendships with other adults who have autistic children as

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is defined as, "the process of systematically applying interventions based upon the principles of learning theory to improve socially significant behaviors to a meaningful degree, and to demonstrate that the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior“ (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968; Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991). It employs the principles of Operant conditioning, using both positive and negative reinforcement to increase wanted behaviors, as well as positive and negative punishment to decrease unwanted behaviors. Its effectiveness in bringing about worthwhile changes to the behaviors of people with Autism and Developmental Disabilities has been studied extensively, with promising results.

The treatment goals are mainly to improve the social and communication difficulties of Johnson. Communication is not only referred to as a kind of interaction that is carried out by saying words to each other. It also includes facial expression, body language and voice tone of a person. Many autistic children fail to understand the meaning behind the tone of voice and thus find it hard to communicate. In addition to this, they may also fail to recognize the body gestures (pointing, waving) or facial expressions of a person. Autistic children having social difficulties may not interact happily with their friends as they find taking turns as challenging. These kids also struggle with eye contact, and it may seem that they keep staring at a person.

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences. We now know that there is not only one autism type, but many types caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences. The term spectrum reflects the wide variation in challenges and strengths possessed by each person with autism. The centers for Disease control and prevention estimates autism 's prevalence as 1 in 68 children in the United states. This includes 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 89 girls. Autism 's most obvious signs tend to appear between 2 and 3 years of age. In some cases, it can be diagnosed as early as 18

The researchers can help people with autism and also their family, and especially the people that surrounds them in understanding how and why they act that way. Having an autism has a positive and negative effect in the individual and in the family of the child with autism, because it affects the mind of the child. They are not able to express how they feel, how devastating anxiety they feel because they cannot make sense of what is happening around them. It’s hard to have an autism on your family because they are not normal. People can help the people with autism in some ways such as interacting and communicating with them every single day and also by understanding

This essay describe the importance and results of parents impact they have on their children 's social development, which involved their children learning values, knowledge and skills enabling them to relate to others effectively. Furthermore, describing the role of parents, what influences that role, parents as role models and how parents implement different parenting styles and their impact? As well as focusing on children 's first relationships, attachments and how they relate to others as they mature to adulthood.

When observing Kevin and his interactions with his parents, it is clearly an area of communication that could see improvement. However, the AAC team needs to determine how to assist his parents now that he is using the AAC device, an iPad application, to communicate. The reasoning behind focusing on his parents and their interaction with Kevin is due to the fact that within the larger field of study, the goals are shifting away from simply being instruction-based to creating a culture of success around the individual (Gersten, Vaughn, Deshler, & Schiller, 1997). This focus means that Kevin’s success is not simply based upon his performance with the AAC device, but his success is also rooted in a culture of encouragement and support from those closest to him, which would be his parents during this season of life.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an amalgam of neurodevelopment disorders that are manifested as mild to severe deficiencies in social and communication interactions coupled with limited, repetitive and stereotypical behavioral patterns (American Psychiatric Association, 2012). This spectrum of disorders may occur independently or jointly in a patient. ASD being a behavior disorder requires a complex and comprehensive behavioral evaluation sometimes making it difficult to accurately

Occasionally strong parent partnerships has always been an important aspect of the early year’s foundation stage and a central aspect of ensuring a child can reach their full potential. The common barriers to participation may overcome to build fantastic parent partnerships, such as parents evenings once a year or feedbacks in the mornings and evenings doesn’t build a strong relationship or give children the confidence, support and stability whereas children or young people would need to be settled fully actively to learn, explore and discover.

Interaction between parents and children in this thesis in the context of parents’ struggle to find an appropriate answer to their children’s questions, could be also define as parenting styles (Darling & Steinberg 1993). Darlin and Steinberg (1993) define the parenting styles as parents’ behaviors and characteristics which is the important part of parent-child interaction and relationships over a wide range of situations. Some of the parents’ styles which are discussed in the literature are presented in the following.