Disaffection In The Spanish Colonies

The upper class consisted of hacendados, plantation owners, investors (foreign and domestic), industrialists, and high ranking members (Raat, 33). Whereas the most common class consisted of workers, vendors, peones, sharecroppers, beggars, and other unemployed and rural poor (Raat, 33). In this sense, Diaz focused primarily on liberal principles. Although he disregarded basic freedom rights of the people, he did not forsake the case of the Indians of Tamazunchale (steven 161). “The Haciendas of Mexico are the most conspicuous feature of the land system of the country” and consisted of Indians or mestizos (New York: American Geographical Society, 1923). The harsh conditions the Indians underwent “encouraged the emigration of rural laborers from Mexico to the southwestern part of the United States” (New York: American Geographical Society, 1923). Diaz intervention in the administration of justice sided with the indians (162). He was aware that a large majority of territory was taken from the indians and so, made negotiations with corrupt companies which profited off of these lands. Part of this plan was to give the Indians sale on easy payment terms, irrigation, and education (Eder, 35). Indians were part of the rural population, they had their land taken from them and therefore were repressed. This would later lead to an alliance of upset

Many of these countries faced the same problems in their economic development during the turn of the 19th century. Mexico is seen to being very highly influenced by its neighbors with elites often adopting themes that are successful in other countries. These newly adopted ideas that the elites brought about to the country created a large divide within the social classes due to ignorance in wanting to modernize. The Los de Abajo’s and the Los de Arriba’s, the social classes in Mexico often clashed in what they believed was right for Mexico and found it very hard to come to terms with each other. Judas burning and violence throughout the religious holy week did not aid to bringing these two classes together either. In conclusion we can see that Beezley brings out the fact that Latin American society was not all on board the road to progress, really brining out the image that it was common in Latin America for the imbalance between the upper and lower classes. Much of the elites movements towards progress led them to success while leaving the rest of the lower classes. We see much of these same struggles in plenty of Latin American countries and it all takes the right man

In Rachel St. John’s book, “Line in the Sand: A History of the Western U.S.-Mexico Border,” the author offers up “a history of how and why the border changed” (St. John 1). This is her central thesis that she presents, providing evidence and historical context concerning the border and its changes over the course of the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. In seven chapters plus and introduction providing more general information and a conclusion that brings the U.S.-Mexico border situation into the present day, Rachel St. John’s focus is both periodical and geographical. St. John moves across both space and time in her book, looking at how region and era affected the border situation and how these effects differed in significance.

The Broken Spears, by Miguel Leon-Portilla, is an all-inclusive and compelling account of the Spanish conquest, told by the Aztecs also known as the conquered. Leon Portilla’s choice of events depicted in this book collides together giving the reader a broad view of the Spanish conquest. This book gives a history of emotional and spiritual human experiences, allowing the readers to comprehend, and relate to the Aztecs as they went through terror and faced their fears. This book provides an extensive amount of details concerning lack of leadership, bias and technological hardship that led to the Aztec defeat.

The annexation of Texas occurred in the early 1800’s. American colonists were expanding into the Northern sector of the Rio Grande, which developed the need for Texas to become a part of the United States. In the South, the people supported the drive toward the annexation of Texas, but the Northerners opposed this idea. Texas was another slave state and the nature of their society did not appear appealing to the North. Therefore, William Ellery Channing wrote a letter to the Senator of Texas, Henry Clay in 1837. In this letter he addresses the issues he felt would arise if Texas were to be added to the United States. One concern Channing had was that the Texas freedom from Mexico would result in a war, entangling America with England and other European countries. William Ellery Channing also felt the annexation would cause complications in America from the preservation of slavery, not only in Texas, but in other territories that the United States chose to takeover, which would force into a

“The Racial Politics behind the Settlement of New Mexico” is the second chapter by Martha Menchaca.

Que Vivan Los Tamales analyses the history of Mexico's evolving national identity via food. Mexican cuisine has changed dramatically from the the era of the aztecs, to the period of Spanish colonialism through to the Porfiriato dictatorship. Through these periods we we see food being used in a manner to unify the nation and create a national united identity. Below I will argue how the country attempted to unify its people though cuisine.

The Americas in the mid 17th and 18th century was a hot ground for colonization potentially due to unexplored land. Colonists from all parts of the world wanted to get a taste of what it would be like to be on the American continent. Although different colonists had different motivations for creating a stronghold in America, the two most important powers come to mind: The Spanish and the English. They both had different motivations for colonizing the American continent. The Spanish wanted to gain geographical access and gold while the English wanted to find religious tolerance. Even though their motivation was different, both powers left America in a newer shape than ever before. America was more economically and politically

This book is broken down into eight chapters, each chapter discusses main points that in the end lead to legacies and citizenship into America. Johnson gives a good insight as to what it took for Mexicans to become citizens of America. Throughout the book the author describes different battles, killings, and tragic stories. In the first chapter, Conquest, Johnson discusses the Mexican-American War of 1846 near the Rio Grande. The United States conquest involved dramatic changes that overpowered Mexican and Indian residents. The Indian and Mexican people were looked upon as bad men. The propaganda of the situations between the Indian and Mexican people and Texas Rangers created novels, and television shows that were used to celebrate the United States success over the Indian and Mexican people. In chapter two, Trouble In Mind, discusses the Mexican Revolution in hopes to fuse “Mexican and American traditions to restore economic and political

The beginning of the narrative is in the year 1848 after conflict between Mexico and the United States. It was a similar story between the accommodation of the old and new elites. Apparently, Anglo lawyers, army officers, and merchants intermarried with elite Mexican ladies, and by so doing, they despoiled these families of their lands (Montejano, 1987). The dislocation beckoned the demise of Mexican power and revolution of the economy from

The exploration era, from 1519-1684, of Spanish rule in Texas was both a failure and a success. The early Spanish exploration of Texas was a failure because they went in expecting to find gold and silver anywhere they looked, but found little to none. Another failure during this era was their inability to uphold their other goal of following the will of God. On page 24, a conqueror said that the reasons they were going to Mexico were because “We came to Serve God and get rich”. However, they were not able to get rich because of the lack of fine substances like gold and silver, but they also were not very Godly when it came to dealing with the Indians. These Spanish explorers stormed into unknown land that was not theirs, threatened the Indians

It was a sick and deviated plan, to bring them fame and glory, by taking advantage of the Indio people, and leaving them out to dry, so they could achieve high social status and the credentials that would banish their past lives, meaning middle to low class living. While reading some of the letters from the Spaniards, one merchant repeatedly mentioned “ I think we will make a profit on the gold, I am sending you, because it is good. I received the 16 carat gold as being 12-carat, in exchange for merchandise” (Lockhart 21). Literally when they came to Mexico, their greed was magnified with all the possibilities of wealth, and respect that would be received, plus it was a way to resolve and capitalize upon a second shot at riches. To basically illuminate their mindset, they established the Requerimiento, and the Encomienda. The requerimiento was a proclamation, which the Spanish used, quite bluntly, and the deal they had in mind for the natives of the Americas: Convert to Christianity or be attacked and enslaved. In addition, the encomienda would also put the natives in a tough situation because it was basically forcing them to pay tribute, and “offer” free labor, which was basically enslavement. They basically gave the indigenous people no choice, but to be taken

There is a complex interplay among Native American, Spanish, Mexican and Anglo cultures during the first half of the nineteenth century. It is important to note that despite the Wars of Independence in Latin America, California was a marginal bystander remaining isolated from Mexico and its rebellion. This facilitated California sectionalism, as opposed to identification with Mexico. However, when the Mexican revolutionaries had success, California declared itself a part of the new Mexican empire. To understand the secularization and the Californios it ultimately benefitted, a brief review of the Mexican secularization act of 1833 as well as its subsequent aftermath, including the upsetting impact on Native Americans, shall be reviewed.

This paper was carried out by a rigorous investigation of a cultural phenomenon, the information was obtained from different sources and it has different points of view, and the question of which the investigation is about:

Spain is a recognized sovereign state located in Europe and within the country there are many different regions and communities. The concept of Spain as one nation is therefore a problem and is something that is debated throughout the country. Although the vast majority of the population recognizes the existence of the Spanish state, what it means to be “Spanish” is very complicated. In one region in north eastern Spain called Catalonia, the people here deny the unity of Spain and accuse Castile, another region where the people do accept Spain as one nation, and so to Madrid, of social and political imperialism. Indeed, it is through this belief and many others that the Catalans base their ongoing fight for independence on to this day.