Essay On Drinking Water Quality

Improvements on Drinking Water (surface and ground) Quality

Abstract Drinking water has received considerable attention recently. However, misuse and mismanagement have resulted in a rapid and widespread decline in source-water quality and supply. Water quality guidelines can be used to identify constituents of concern in water, to determine the levels to which the constituents of water must be treated for drinking purposes. Membrane technology for the water cycle is playing an important role in the provision of safe water supply and treatment. The aim of this paper is to conduct chemical and microbiological analysis of water samples. The need for standards and guidelines in water quality stems from the need to protect human health. The results revealed that there were several areas polluted chemically by some heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe) and microbiologically by (Entamoeba Histolytica, Amoeba,

Microbiological analysis From the public health point of view, the coli form bacilli with some of pathogenic bacteria are the most important microbes to be investigated. This is done as follows:

2.1.1. Total count of Bacteria Bacteria are single-called micro-organisms, that cause disease termed pathogens. The total count of bacteria for each water sample is done by poured plate method. This must not exceed 50 cell / ml at 37 C0 for 24 hours or 22 C0 for 48 hours.

2.1.2. Total Coli form The term total coli form, refers to rod shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. The coli form group bacteria are capable of producing acid and gas from lactose in a suitable culture medium using Macon key Broth at 35 to 37 C0. It is customary to report results as Most Probable No (MPN). The MPN is not an exact enumeration, but a high probability estimate of a coli form count per 100 ml of water. These counts are reported as MPN/ 100 ml. The water sample must not exceed than 3 cell / 100 ml according to EMH. [9]

2.1.3. Biological