Bivalvia is belonging to phylum Mollusca. The phylum Mollusca is one of the largest most diverse in the animal kingdom (Gosling, 2003). Almost 50000 described species in this phylum are recorded and about 30000 are found live in the marine habitat. Organism classes in phylum Mollusca mostly are soft-bodied animals but most are protected by a hard protective shell. Besides that, animals in this phylum possess a large muscular foot that usually used for the locomotion. Phylum Mollusca consists of six
opinion and negative from the animals', is that, especially bird feeders, the act of feeding draws the animals to one specific spot. This, especially in case of territorial ones, causes a great deal of unnecessary stress and competition, while simultaneously providing a source of food, at times thoroughout the whole year, so many people deem the act to be positive, while on a larger scale it's actually not beneficial for the animal. This continuous supply of a specific feeding source has another desirable
Cows are social animal that lives in groups under natural and semi-natural conditions (Chua, B. et al 2002). In the dairy industry the dairy cows are kept in group housing. However on many commercial farms in the veal and the dairy industry, the calves are separated from the mother soon after birth and housed in individual pens. Since 2004 group housing for calves older than 8 weeks is compulsory in European union (Directive no. 97/2/EC). And also The American Veal Association (2007) request all
Delince (1992) emphasized that the factors which significantly influence fish production, act within a network of interactions. The three main factors are; availability of food (ad libitum), dissolved oxygen and the ammonia concentration of water. Our studies also reported that low fish production coincides with high BOD, high ammonia and low DO. Cuenco et al. (1985) study of environmental factors affecting the population growth of American catfish, showed that, besides available food and oxygen
great scientific interest and economic importance. There are different economically and ecologically important species of fish that are found in these water bodies. Adult Oreochromis niloticus have a high degree of plasticity and opportunism in their feeding behaviour and are hence classified as omnivorous (Jauncey, 1998). They are capable of consuming a wide
Table 2: Effects of group size and sex on feeding behaviour of growing pigs Trait Group size SEM Sex 2 4 8
include the estimation of gas production of methane as well as in invasive plant control management (Lorber et al., 1984; Akbay et al., 1991; Wilson et al., 2001). Although, each utilises an estimation of the biomass of water hyacinth, many omit factors affecting population. As water hyacinth is limited in its growth due to physical area of water bodies, logistic growth models are particularly suited to this (Wilson et al. 2005). Lorber et al. (1984) used multiple parameters such as solar radiation and
Clinical mastitis can range from mild to severe. Environmental mastitis: Cows housed are at a higher risk of contracting mastitis over animals out in the field. Pathogens build up easier in housing and in areas such a bedding, feedstuff, manure, water sources and just general dust and dirt. Bedding material that is not regularly changed is one of the higher risks with factors such as moisture and temperature adding greatly to the number of pathogens present. Along with these, if housing conditions are overcrowded
As an alternative to antibiotic therapy, probitotics has been gaining popularity in aquaculture farms. Microbiome balance is key factor to maintain overall health in fish (Gomez and Balcazar,2008). Various process like nutrient digestion, synthesis, absorption, pathogen resistance, growth, sexual maturation, morphogenesis, survivorship in stocked fish, etc can be achieved by microbiome
Among these Vultures are major avian scavengers and play an important role in keeping the environment clean by scavenging on animal carcasses and thus checking the outbreaks of epidemic3. All vulture species belongs to the family Accipitridae. They provide a range of ecological, economic and cultural services. Vultures are the alone documented obligate scavengers and are uniquely