Graves Disease Research Paper

3. I spent my young life struggling with this disease and my symptoms, my grandmother started having symptoms later in life around her 40’s. C. Possible environmental factors are also being studied. 1. For example, researchers have found that consuming too much iodine may inhibit thyroid hormone production in susceptible individuals.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks its self. Lupus can affect different parts of the body including the skin, blood, kidneys, and joints. There are four different types of Lupus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous Lupus, Drug-Induced Lupus, and Neonatal Lupus. However, the most common and deadly lupus is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methotrexate is the most commonly used antimetabolite for this purpose. Acitretin or cyclosporin is sometimes used. In a phase II

The most common hormones the doctor tests for are Estradiol and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), which are related to ovarian function and the number of eggs a woman has. He will then prescribe fertility drugs in the form of a pill or an injection. This is usually the only treatment needed for women who have trouble ovulating. The most generally prescribed pill is clomiphene citrate. Clomiphene is an anti-estrogen which binds in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

An unbalance in these hormones would cause changes in the function and structure of the gland. In the setting where there isn’t a sufficient amount of Thyroxin synthesized by the gland, there is an increase in TSH production. Over production of TSH causes hyperplasia of the gland just to match normal thyroid levels. This would then cause a goiter to form. When the goiter is grown significantly, pressure is put on the esophagus and trachea, causing respiratory

Myxedema is the severest form of hypothyroidism and at this stage there is a swelling and thickening of the skin and if left untreated myxedema can lead to coma and death…this is because the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough of the much needed thyroid harmones that the body needs to function

Addison’s Disease is a rare disorder where the adrenal glands, that’s located directly above the kidney, does not produce enough of the cortisol hormone. Addison’s disease can be separated into 2 sub conditions, primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency. People with primary adrenal insufficiency suffer from both a lack of the aldosterone hormone and the cortisol hormone the adrenal glands produce. People with secondary adrenal insufficiency only suffers with a lack of cortisol. The disease is found in every age group and both sexes. Although the disease is not curable, there are treatments to help maintain the disorder.

Paget Disease of Bone Paget disease is a condition that makes the bones grow faster than normal. This leads to bones that are larger and weaker than normal. Healthy bones rebuild themselves by destroying old bone and replacing it with new bone tissue. This process usually slows down as a person gets older.

The choice of treatment depends on several factors, this include, what the clinicians and the patient prefers, availability of a good surgeon, and many more. Interestingly all the treatment have similar improvements to the quality of life and patient satisfaction (Cooper, 2003). It is indicated that there is no such thing as excellent or perfect treatment for Graves ’ disease, one must compare the disadvantages, advantages, benefits and risks between each treatment type (Schussler-fiorenza et al., 2006) The table below summarizes some of these advantages and disadvantages of the

Currently there are three medications, Teriflunomide, Fingolimod and Dimethyl Fumarate. While these medications offer the convenience of a pill they have considerable and potentially dangerous side effects. Teriflunomide (Aubagio) works by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which inhibit rapidly dividing cells like those of the immune system. Serious side effects include inability to fight infection, breathing problems and high blood pressure. Other side effects include: headache; diarrhea; nausea; hair thinning or loss; and abnormal liver test results.

Recently, doctors have found a treatment for hypoparathyroidism. But, the treatment results in regular injections of calcium into the body. It is like receiving another IV, except the fact that this is pure calcium. Studies show that this helps cure the disorder little by little, but there are serious side effects that occur as the patient gradually gets older. The side effects of the calcium injection include “cancer, loss of hair, thyroid getting destroyed, and diabetes” (Timmons M. 234). Another form of calcium intake is by the pill Calcitrol. Calcitrol is a medication that can be taken orally and would help the parathyroid gland with producing the hormone. There are times at which a person who has hypoparathyroidism, would reject the replacement

The standard treatment for Adie syndrome typically involves wearing of bifocals or reading glasses to help you with trouble focusing close. A drug called pilocarpine is often prescribed to decrease the size of the pupil in people coping with light sensitivity or night driving glare. Brimonidine, a glaucoma medicine, has also been used to decrease the pupil size. Excessive sweating can be treated by a surgical procedure called thoracic sympathectomy.

Lupus Erythematous Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a chronicautoimmune disease occurring in the muscle and skeletal systems. If a person were to have Lupus Erythematous, his/her immune sys-tem would begin to attack itself, rather than outside invaders. As a result, tissues, organs, and nerves are harshly affected. According to the Lupus Foundation of America (2017), SLE affects more than 1.5 million Americans, mainly ranging from ages 15-44, but most commonly in young African-American women. Cause The cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematous is unknown, however there are several fac-tors that may have an effect on the symptoms and disease. Inheritance of genes that were also autoimmune is believed to be a reason of SLE. Viruses and certain

Because of to much cortisol it could cause some hallmark signs: like hypertension, obesity, weakness of muscles, a tendency to develop bruises. Some typical characteristics are: rapid deposit of fat; this rapid deposit of fat can be found between the shoulders it is called “buffalo hump”. There are also changes of a rounded

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for Horner syndrome itself. The doctor will focus on finding and treating the underlying cause. If the cause can be treated successfully, Horner will clear up on its own. However, if you find it difficult to see out of the eye, you may need to be checked by an eye doctor.