In the first paragraph Barry begins by listing the differences of the strength and conviction of certainty with the weakness and fear of uncertainty to better define “uncertainty”. In his second paragraph he starts establishing the direction; He starts with listing the qualities that a scientist should have, ending with an emphasis on courage. Barry does not think courage means “venturing into the unknown,” which is a professional way of saying “jumping off a cliff that you don’t have any idea how high is, eyes closed, screaming” but instead the courage to face the fact that everything you know could be shattered upon the “sharp edge of a single finding.” In his third paragraph, Barry continues emphasis on, is that to be a good scientist you have to reject all that is not fact. This means the total rejection of religion, the afterlife and anything that may be commonly accepted
Author John M. Barry, in The Great Influenza, claims that scientists must embrace uncertainty and doubt their ideas in order to be successful in their research. To support his claim, he first states that “uncertainty creates weakness”, then lists the traits required by scientists (including curiosity and creativity), and finally explains that experiments must be made to work by the investigator. The purpose of this is to further support his claim in order to encourage readers to embrace uncertainty because certainty creates something to lean on, while uncertainty forces one to manipulate experiments to produce answers. Barry adopts a formal tone to appeal to a worldwide audience, specifically those interested in scientific research, by using
Barry directs his sentences is nearly that of a prophecy. In lines 1-3, Barry begins his didacticism with a parallel sentence structure in which one emotion leads to a notion— his description of certainty as a bastion lends the impression that it is more favorable than uncertainty, for “[c]ertainty creates strength… Uncertainty creates weakness”. By introducing these two emotions as contrasting outcomes, Barry gives the reader an idea that is added upon in the excerpt. He then states that the scientist “requires not only intelligence and curiosity” (Barry 6-7). It is at this moment the reader will realize that there is a deeper facet to scientific research, and the manner in which barry lists the many qualities required of a scientist confirms this notion.
Barry also states, “All real scientists exist on the frontier. Even the least ambitious among them deal with the unknown, if only one step beyond the known” (Barry). Since he is using multiple sources for this example, he was able to show how every scientist has faced this problem or even larger problems. Barry, yet again, was able to persuade the audience by using other examples besides his own
From the passage taken from, The Great Influenza, by John M. Barry, Barry frequently uses the appeal to logic and the appeal to credibility to characterize the scientific research as courageous and “moving deep into the wilderness”. With the line “Confidence and strength deeper than physical courage.” Barry uses this line to characterize how going into scientific research requires “Strength” and “confidence” to even go into such a topic. With it he give realization to the reader that it take more than your “physical” strength but mental strength and courage to be able to take on the work take comes with scientific research. The author give credit on work much scientists give and are put through just for their work.
When the Spanish Flu appeared in Chicago, peaking at 2000 deaths a day, health commissioner John Dill Robertson decided to make some drastic decisions. First, all large gatherings were banned, sporting events; political meetings and banquets were all cancelled. Schools were shut down and parks were closed. Theaters and cabarets were closed as well. Weddings were postponed and funerals were cancelled.
Does it matter?,” Carl Sagan beautifully and respectfully asserts the importance of favoring science over pseudoscience, and makes clear his argument as to why not the other way around. Sagan believes in the rhetorical connection between author and audience, which is why he maintains understanding throughout the essay. Sagan’s compassionate tone informs his polite authority, which in turn
Yearly influenza immunization among healthcare worker is the most effective plan for stopping influenza, specifically when providing as a section of a widespread influenza immunization program and influenza deterrence program. A broad influenza vaccination program should be complex, consider known obstacles to immunization, and offer important education and training on influenza concerning both the benefits and dangers of delivering influenza vaccination. The implementation of a influenza immunization program can improve healthcare workers immunization rates. The greatest practices for vaccinating healthcare workers are to incorporate influenza immunization programs into their current infection prevention. Healthcare workers will need to arrange
During science you have to expect some theories to go south, or to go wrong. When a theory does not work you have to question your work and began to think of another theory to make sure you do not miss the holes you missed the first time. Barry uses this metaphor to show readers that scientists often question themselves continuously. Lastly, Barry uses word choice or diction to intensify his message.
Describe a problem you 've solved or a problem you 'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. In The Great Influenza, Barry states that one must “accept uncertainty”.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study will be to determine the effectiveness of influenza information, received from the Fresno State Student Health and Counseling Center, on influenza vaccination rates of college-aged (18 to 24 year old) students. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will examine the demographic variables of race/ethnicity, gender, health insurance coverage, and age. Seasonal influenza (“Flu”) is a viral infection that can lead to morbidity and mortality among those infected by it (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014a). According to the World Health Organization (2014) influenza affects everyone, regardless of age.
Third, he writes about seeing what we expect to see. Information consistent with our pre-existing beliefs is generally accepted at face value, whereas evidence that contradicts them is critically scrutinized and discounted. Beliefs are much less responsive than they should be to the implications of new information. This is a sane and necessary strategy. "If a belief has a lifetime of support, it is perfectly valid to be skeptical of evidence that contradicts it"(Graham King).
This is also an example of compare and contrast, he compares certainty with uncertantiy. By using these words he tells the reader that to be a scientist you need both certainty as well as uncertainty. The first paragraph also includes examples of logos; when Barry says “to be a scientist requires not only intelligence and curiosity, but passion, patience, creativity, self sufficient, and courage”. One can agree that the sentence is an example of logos because it is a logical statement that to be a scientist you have to have all of those traits. The whole passage is about scientists as well as scientific research, Barry writes with a purpose and the purpose is to tell people about scientists as well as what it takes.
The illness initially was nicknamed swine influenza in light of the fact that the virus that causes the infection initially hoped to people from the live pigs in which it evolved. The virus is a "reassortant"- a mix of qualities from swine, fowl, and human influenza viruses. Researchers are even now contending about what the virus ought to be called, yet most individuals know it as the H1n1 swine influenza virus. The swine influenza viruses that typically spread among pigs aren't the same as human influenza viruses. Swine influenza doesn't frequently taint individuals, and the uncommon human cases that have happened in the past have mostly influenced individuals who had immediate contact with pigs.
Science and “The Magic of Reality”: A Rhetorical Analysis Can an author discretely manipulate your beliefs? The ethologist, revolutionary biologist, and writer, Richard Dawkins, in his book, The Magic of Reality, attempts to reveal and explain to the readers the magic found in the nature surrounding us. Since the book requires basic scientific knowledge, it targets secondary school students and those older. Dawkin’s purpose is to convince readers that science can explain ultimately anything, and to persuade them into disregarding their belief in metaphysical explanations.
