The Abbott case however didn't apply to intrastate commerce, travel that is entirely inside the borders of Louisiana, so Martimet and Tourgée began to look for yet another lighter skinned black to test the law. In the end they found Homer Plessy, a member of the citizens' committee that raised the money for the original case. Plessy walked into Press Street Depot on June 7, 1892 and bought a first class ticket to Covington, he boarded the East Louisiana Railroad train. As the train preceded to pull away a conductor approached Plessy and asked if he was a colored man. Plessy told the man he was and was asked to move to the colored car, but Plessy refused to do so.
In the Lilies of the Field, by William E. Barrett, Homer and Mother Maria both display stubbornness, thoughtfulness and religiousness character traits. The 1st trait that Homer and Mother Maria share is stubbornness. Homer showed stubbornness when building the chapel; he insisted that he lay the bricks by himself. Mother Maria showed stubbornness when she insisted that Homer would build the chapel and that she wouldn’t pay him. The 2nd trait that Homer and Mother Maria share is thoughtfulness.
To understand the question, focusing on the court cases of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education, we must first understand each court case on its own. Plessy v. Ferguson resulted in the year 1896. The case involved the 1890s Louisiana law that basically stated that there were separate railway carriages that were specifically labeled for blacks only and whites only. Plessy v. Ferguson involved Homer Plessy, who was seven-eighths white and one-eighth black and appeared to look like a white man. Plessy took an open seat in a white only railway car.
He had refused to move to a black car. Even though he was seven-eighths white and only one-eighth black, he was put in jail. The Louisiana law stated that if you had any black ancestors, you were considered black. Because of this, Plessy was required to sit in the “colored” or “black”
The new era declared a new level of showing arrogance. The involuntary laws were unreasonable and unfair to anyone of that race. The laws continued for a long while. Plessy vs. Ferguson claimed one of the major cases that broke out May 18, 1896. In Homer's earlier days of growing up, he had endured his father dying and his widowed mother marrying soon after.
When Homer Adolph Plessy, who was one-eighth black, tested this law by taking a seat in the white-only section of a Louisiana Railway train, he was arrested. Plessy contended that the segregation law violated his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment (Newton, 2006). The case was appealed up to the U.S., Supreme Court in 1896. The Court ruled in a 7 – 1 vote upholding the Louisiana Statute, although associate justice John Marshall Harlan wrote a dissenting opinion. In his dissent, he wrote that “Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens…
Plessy vs. Ferguson, one of the bigger cases in the turning point for rights, gave the black community a big boost forward. There was a man named Homer Adoph Plessy that had a problem with the way things were going at the time and he wanted equal rights. But there was another man named John Ferguson who thought that everything was just skippy. They went to court to settle their quarrel.
Ferguson was a case of the Supreme Court in 1892 after passenger Homer Plessy traveled on the Louisiana railroad and refused to sit in a car for blacks only. Homer Plessy was brought before Judge John H. Ferguson to a Criminal Court in New Orleans to be trailed for refusing to follow the state law of Louisiana “separate but equal.” Such conflict challenged the violation of the 13th and 14th amendment where they ensure equality for recently emancipated slaves. They stated, “Separate facilities for blacks and whites satisfied the Fourteenth Amendment so long as they were equal.” “In the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races unsatisfactory to either.”
In the context of racial discrimination, many African Americans felt as if the government never really assisted them in gaining their rights. The prejudice of African Americans still lingered even after many attempts to settle disagreements. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, Homer Plessy denied to sit in an all black car and remained in a white only car; the outcome of this case upheld the ideas of racial segregation and proved that when groups are separated they will never be treated the same. It seemed in both eras of civil rights activism that the conservative minds of Americans could not be washed away. African American leaders in the 1890s-1920s are different from leaders during the 1950s-1960s in their use of violence and peace and they are similar by
For nearly a century, the United States was occupied by the racial segregation of black and white people. The constitutionality of this “separation of humans into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life” had not been decided until a deliberate provocation to the law was made. The goal of this test was to have a mulatto, someone of mixed blood, defy the segregated train car law and raise a dispute on the fairness of being categorized as colored or not. This test went down in history as Plessy v. Ferguson, a planned challenge to the law during a period ruled by Jim Crow laws and the idea of “separate but equal” without equality for African Americans. This challenge forced the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of segregation, and in result of the case, caused the nation to have split opinions of support and
According to the Background Essay, it states, "Homer ways. Analyze the documents that follow and answer Plessy, a free person of color, was arrested in New the question: From Plessy to Ruby: How Did Black Orleans for boarding a train car reserved for white Louisianians Resist Jim Crow segregation?passengers. He sued claiming that Louisiana’s law was unconstitutional. " This type of resistence is effective because Black Louisianan's could now sue to have more freedom.
The novel Passing of Nella Larsen held the historical and legal implications which can be seen through the judicial case of Homer Plessy who had one-eighth black and seven- eighths white. Plessy was forcibly jailed for sitting in the whites- only section on the railroad car in Louisiana. In 1896, at the Supreme Court, he argued that his black ancestry was insignificant and he was a white person by all definitions. The Supreme Court said that forcing Plessy to exclude from the whites section was against the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments about equal protection. However, Judge John Howard Ferguson affirmed that treating all people equally did not paralleled with eliminating social distinction based on colors.
Plessy vs. Ferguson a case that tested the “separate but equal” philosophy, had a negative impact on America. Plessy vs. Ferguson was a famous case that took action in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1896 just after President Abraham Lincoln issued the “Emancipation Proclamation” in 1863 (“Emancipation Proclamation Article”) to free all slaves. Homer Plessy and John Ferguson were the main key players in the case. African American passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law and was fined for sitting in the wrong seat/section of the train.
Homer is a well-known name in Greek Mythology, his works The Odyssey and The Iliad being prime examples of his memorable reign in literature. He is noted as Ancient Greece’s most significant author due to his writings being the first of many to introduce themes such as an “epic quests” and “a hero’s journey”. However, despite being an acclaimed and grand poet, numerous mysteries shroud around Homer himself and the aspects of his life. It is unconfirmed whether or not Homer was even a real person, or a group of several different individuals. In brief, not much is known about him.
The book, Who Killed Homer? The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom, is written by Victor Davis Hanson, and John Heath. The book is about why the Classics are dying, if it’s not dead already; what actions would need to be taken in order to take the Classics off of life support, and what would need to be done in order to teach newer generations about Classics. Both Hanson, and Heath are Classicist themselves whom worked as professors teaching Classics to students back in the early 1970’s and 1980’s. These two present an argument to the audience that the reason for the fall of Classical Education in modern day is due to the fact of ignorance of Greek wisdom, the demise of Classical learning is real and quantifiable, and the Classicist themselves are the blame for why there aren’t many people majoring in Classics.
