Some argue that furthering options for female athletics would starve already successful men’s programs. This is, unfortunately, true to some extent. George F. Will writes in his article “A Train Wreck Called Title Ix” on the Newsweek website that colleges terminated over 400 men 's athletic teams to produce precise proportionality between the genders enrollments and participation in athletics. Although growing women’s athletics did cause some shortage in funding for men it is illogical to deny rights to one people group for the sake of having excess in another group. Female athletic programs were easy to blame for terminating some men’s programs, but if the funding were split more evenly between minor and major sports those programs might have
Prior to Title IX, women’s sports were largely ignored and underfunded, with limited opportunities for participation and scholarships. The law mandated equal opportunities for women in sports, leading to the growth of women’s athletics and also a significant increase in female participation in sports. In college, the implementation of Title IX was monitored by the Office for Civil Rights (OCR), which ensured that schools followed the law by examining the number of scholarships, participation, opportunities, and resources allocated to women (Boschert 90). This led to an increase in the number of women’s teams, athletic scholarships, and facilities that provide equal opportunities for both
In the article titled Face-off on the playing field By, Judith B. Stamper explains girls have their own story of support or discrimination, success also the debate of girls be allowed to compete on boys’ sports team. First, the writer Title IX explains female athletes are been treated second-class for long enough and should pass of inequalities and biases of girls. The writer also clarifies that girls doing sports make them healthier, physically, and emotionally. Other girls that don’t play sports are less likely to use of drugs. In addition, she notes a former Stanford University basketball player Mariah says, strength and independence of things girls learn from sports, the opportunities that are changing women.
Title IX In the article, “Title IX Under Fire As Colleges Cut Teams” Marbella and Wells talk about how Title IX is hurting men’s sports, while in the article “40 Years Later, Title IX Is Still Fighting Perception It Hurt Men’s Sports” Goodale talks about the benefits of Title IX. In the article “Title IX Under Fire As Colleges Cut Teams” the authors describe how the guidelines of Title IX have been the reason for many men’s sports teams being cut in colleges. In the article it also talks about how the law has lost its way and has diminished opportunities for men as a result. It states, hundreds of men’s sports have been cut across the country because of schools citing Title IX.
Women were supposed to be secretaries, teachers, and homemakers but never athletes. By requiring public Universities to create women’s sports teams, Women were able to gain a lot of new opportunities. As a result of Title IX sports participation rates among women
On the other hand, The evolution of sports has embraced the integration of African Americans into the sports industry. Alex Hargrave from “Sports are symbolic because they represent people coming together in support of their favorite teams, and even though there is competition on the field when the final whistle blows, they shake hands and show respect toward one another” (“A Timeline of Civil Rights”). But before this African Americans faced extreme racism with Jim Crow Laws. They were excluded from being involved in most professional sports. Until the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s.
Women are also receiving over 10,000 scholarships a year. In an interview with Gail Marquis, a member of the 1976 Women’s Olympic Basketball Team, she describes what Title IX meant to her. Although Title IX has provided more opportunities for women to compete, it has come at the expense of some men’s sports. Many low revenue men’s sports programs were cut due to schools needing to meet Title IX’s restrictions and give more resources to women’s programs.
Title Ⅸ greatly influenced the growth of women’s participation in sports in collegiate athletics. Also introduced in the reauthorization of 1972 was the Basic Educational Opportunity Act which later became the Pell Grant in the reauthorization of 1980. The reauthorization of 1972 marked a shift away from loans towards grants, that is until the 1990s when loans began to supersede
Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, women gained more opportunities in American society. Interscholastic athletics proved to be no exception. In 1972, Congress passed, and President Richard Nixon signed, Title IX of the United States Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibited the exclusion based on gender of education programs that receive federal funding, which amounts to any public school in the United States. While this opened the door for female inclusion, especially when it came to athletics, it also posed challenges, especially when it came to enforcing the law. Title IX provided, and described, equal educational opportunities without discrimination based on sex, but there was various beliefs about how the new law should be defended
People used strong effort to keep women’s sports limited when they wanted to be competitive; that wouldn’t last long (Bell). Women took part in the Olympics of 1900 for the first time. Only 22 women competed and were permitted to participate in golf and tennis (Feminist Majority Foundation). Later in the 1920’s a very stereotypical view was developed towards women and their desire to participate in sports. Their participation became “unfeminine” and “selfish”, and not to mention the fact that all athletic women were accused of lesbianism (Bell).
In today’s day and age, many, if not most, people enjoy sports either by playing, coaching or spectating. At a certain point in time, not everyone was able to do these things. During the Civil Rights Movement, sports were turned upside down and sports became accessible to a wider range of people. Many important athletes such as Jackie Robinson came out of the era and opened the public’s eye. Several became activists or coaches and changed sports in a way that hadn’t been done before.
The sun illuminates countless all-American names, with the occasional Coke or Papa John’s sponsor signs. The play clock ticks down to zero, and the stadium is finally filled to maximum capacity. Kickoff commences, players scramble across the field, and suddenly the only problems in the world hinge on if the Nike plastered football is past the downs marker. There are the elite suites high above the stadium cloaked in shade, but the majority are cramped and blisteringly hot. We are all united as one, cheering our team to victory, and thriving on the culture that is modern day sports.
Racism is a part of American history that can never be forgotten; a dark past that shows the constant mistreatment of African-Americans. Although African-Americans were freed from slavery in the 1860’s, discrimination continues to be seen today. Racism is defined as prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one 's own race is superior. The white supremacy woven into mainstream American culture led to the continued widespread exclusion of African-Americans.
If society stops to understand the struggles these women have been facing for decades will have a clearer picture of what steps to take in order to make a change in the sports industry. Men need to put their masculinity aside and advocate giving women a voice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues women in the sport world have faced through history, wage gaps, current issues today, and to discuss findings and recommendations for future research. Title IX is a law that came into effect in 1972, this comprehensive federal law prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
“Female discrimination in sports is a common occurrence all around the world, women are seen as less than males.” (Ladrea) Equality in sports is unequal. In the 1800 women got very little attention and did not get the opportunity to play in any sport in America and all around the world. Men could go and try out for different sports teams and workout but for women they were only allowed to stay home to cook and clean. There were some events women could participate in but it could not be competitive, it was focused on getting active and staying active.
