Metal Ions And Inorganic Compounds Lab Report

Acid-base extraction also leads to recrystallization which due to the components forming lattices usually results in pure crystals that can be analyzed with TLC. Acid-base extraction is important because it offers a different way to extract the components of a mixture that does not involving boiling the solution. The lack of temperature dependence is useful for molecules whose solubility in water do not vary significantly with temperature. This extraction method is relevant to separate the components of Excedrin providing pure products without needing to use the stock-room version of the compound. Acid-base extraction is also relevant and important because it allows a student to utilize a variety of chemistry concepts including solubility of organic compounds, solubility of salts, acidification, and

A limiting reactant is the reactant that limits the amount of product that can be produced in a reaction. An excess reactant is the opposite, or the reactant that remains after a chemical reaction is performed and the limiting reactant runs out (Stoichiometry: Limiting). The stoichiometry calculations determining what should happen can be found in the calculations section. The solid should form calcium carbonate. The uses for calcium carbonate are as a filler and coating pigment in paper, plastics, paints, and coatings.

So as long as there is enough HCl in the solution to react completely with the magnesium, the results should not change. However, if there is not enough hydrogen with a lower molarity, then the experiment will produce less hydrogen gas since not all the magnesium will be completely reacted. 8. How does Avogadro 's hypothesis relate to the results obtained in this experiment?

When we tested toluene, triphenylmethan dissolved right away at room temperature and was therefore determined to be not suitable for recrystalization. Had we been required to find a solvent for trimyristin, we would have undergone the same tests with various potential solvents for it. Extraction is the transfer of a solute from one phase to another. Adding a solvent to a solid that only dissolves certain compounds in the

TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.

They serve the purpose of testing whether the substances should behave as they should. It ensures that the experimental values obtained are cohesive with secondary research and theoretical knowledge, as well as helps to identify the source of error is there is any discrepancy in the experiment. For instance, if an enzyme added to a substrate is expected to turn black in colour, then reacting either the enzyme or substrate with water should yield no colour change indicating that each is functioning properly and only giving a black colour with each other. We can thus refer to the water and either substrate or enzyme as the control experiment.(University of Arizona 2010) Hydrogen Peroxide is a toxic chemical that is a by-product of various cellular reactions that occur in our body.

In the case of phenol the greatest stabilization occurs when the electrophile is added to the ortho or para positions due to the ability of the alcohol to donate electrons into the ring system. Meta addition does not occur as it does not lead to an as stable arenium ion intermediate. This is seen

The appearance of the distillate would support this. After taking the top-half of this sample to be ran through the spectrometer, it was evident that this part of the distillate contained water with a small portion of an unknown sample. Water could be present due to the flow of the condenser. As the vapor gathers on the surface of the copper wire and moves through the condenser channel, picking up water particles is a very reasonable idea. As far as the unknown sample, it seems to lean towards being 2-Butanone.

Introduction Distillation is a specific technique of separating mixtures based on differences in propensity to vaporize of components in a boiling liquid mixture (Palleros, 2000). Distillation is a physical separation process, which does not involve chemical reaction and used for purification of liquids which do not undergo decomposition at their boiling point. There are several types of distillation including simple distillation, fractional distillation, vacuum distillation and steam distillation (ibid.). The type of used distillation depends on the nature of the liquid and the nature of impurities present in it. During this practical two types of distillation were performed: simple and fractional distillation.

The mixture will be place in separatory funnel enabling separation of one layer from the other—the lower, denser layer can be drained out of the bottom of the separatory funnel, leaving behind the upper layer.

Based on the assumed contamination of the TLC plate and or capillary tube, it is not possible to tell whether acetaminophen was successfully separated from the Excedrin powder. The Rf values of isolated aspirin and pure aspirin were the same. This demonstrates that the aspirin was successfully separated and is relatively pure. The isolated caffeine sample had a higher Rf value but when viewed under UV light, the markings of isolated caffeine were within the bounds of the pure caffeine, leading to the conclusion that while isolated the caffeine sample was note

A net ionic equation shows only the species that actually take part in the reaction. In solution, Na2S dissociates into Na and S2 ions and ZnCl2 dissociates into Zn2 and Cl ions. As per our lab, zinc ions (Zn 2) and sulfide ions (S2) formed an insoluble compound, zinc sulfide (ZnS), while the other product, NaCl, was soluble and remains in solution. This reaction is called a precipitation reaction. The balanced molecular equation is: Na2S(aq) + ZnCl2(aq) =

Introduction: The unknown acid molarity will be determining by titration method. Titration is a process depends on concentration of known solution to another solution until the solute in the another solution completely react. Standard solution is the solution of known concentration that used in titration. In this experiment, NaOH was the titrant (base) however, the two analyte which used were HCl and H2SO4.

Water leaking through the concrete can carry dissolved salts that get deposited on the wall surface after the water has evaporated. Unlike white mold, the salt itself is harmless and is readily cleaned off. However, simply removing efflorescence does not solve the underlying problem which is the water leakage through the wall. The efflorescence will simply return over time as more leakage occurs, and as mentioned previously, the leakage can cause other serious problems.

This has interesting implications regarding the aqueous solubility of the acid, since the un-ionized form is much less soluble than its salt. Of further interest, therapeutically, is the fact that it is the un-dissociated acid (HA) that more readily penetrates biological tissues to exert a therapeutic effect. Thus, in formulating the product, the manufacturer must strike a balance between the more soluble salt form and the biologically active acid and factors other than pKa and pH must be considered (e.g. safety and comfort). For researchers and manufacturers, there are ways around lack of solubility. (Gao, 2014)