Rituals- Many aboriginal clans had rituals
According to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, “Any person charged with an offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal” (Legislative Services Branch, 2017, para. 11). In the significant Canadian case R. v. Kokopenace, an Aboriginal man was tried by an unfair jury as the community where the trial took place was 25 percent First Nations, however, the jury only included 4 percent of First Nations people (Pinder, 2015). This report will summarize the major facts of the case, court’s decisions, and dissenting opinions of the judges. Clifford Kokopenace was an Aboriginal man who lived on the Grassy Narrows First Nations reserve
This criminal code encourages sentencing judges to have recourse to a restorative approach to sentencing. Also, the enactment of s. 718.2 (e) is a definite direction by Parliament to pay particular attention to the circumstances of aboriginal offenders during the sentencing process because those circumstances are unique and different from those of non-Aboriginal offenders. Further, when sentencing Aboriginal offenders, courts must take judicial notice of such matters as the history of colonization, displacement, and residential schools. And they should look at how that history continues to translate into lower educational accomplishment, lower income, higher unemployment, higher rates of substance abuse, suicide, and, of course, higher levels of imprisonment of Aboriginal peoples. (Canadian Law, an Introduction 6th Edition: Neil Boyd 2015; page,
Discrimination against minority groups has always been common, but invisible to the general public. The book Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present by Maynard, Robyn highlights the “state violence against black persons in Canada” (Maynard, 2017, P.3). The author demonstrates solid connections between the issues of slavery in the past and the effects on modern society. Minority groups, especially African Canadians, who has been historically exploited and have been treated as tools more so than human beings. The book demonstrate these kind of treatment through Institutionalized racism, Neoliberalism and Deviance.
From the late 1800s to the later 1900s Residential schools were used to force white Catholic culture onto Indigenous Peoples. This had a great effect on Aboriginal Peoples and ended up ripping families apart, destroying Aboriginal culture and effecting aboriginal peoples far into the future after the events that happened at the schools. This essay will shed some light on one of Canada's darkest parts of history. Residential schools pull Aboriginal families apart because they remove the culture holding them together and put distance between them. To begin, residential schools were designed to remove Aboriginal peoples culture thus pushing family members apart.
International prison population statistics have found that the female prison population is increasing at a faster rate than the male prison population. Research has confirmed that, in the majority of countries, the male imprisonment rate is predominantly larger than that of the female imprisonment rate, however this does not apply to indigenous women within Australia. Overwhelming research shows that the imprisonment rate for indigenous women within Australia has increased at a significantly faster rate compared to indigenous males, most clearly highlighted through the general trends in prison rates within the last decade. This essay will discuss how the presence of indigeneity plays a key role in explaining the disparity between male and female imprisonment rates, further explaining why indigenous women are incarcerated at significantly highly rates. Moreover, there are numerous sociological and criminological theories, which provide an explanation for the disparity of male and female imprisonment rates.
However, when comparing Aboriginal adults and non-Aboriginal adults with the same education and employment characteristics, the incarceration rates among Aboriginal adults were 3.3 to 5.1 times higher. In short, these socio- economic characteristics reduced the difference in incarceration rates of adults aged 20 to 34 by half in Alberta. A similar pattern occurs in Saskatchewan (Table 7). Still, even when comparing persons with the same characteristics, incarceration rates for Aboriginal young adults remain higher than those of their non-Aboriginal counterparts.” (statcan, 2015)
Indigenous peoples of Canada have been considered inferior to all other citizens, and have been abused and neglected through European history, and can be seen as a form of genocide. In Canadian residential schools, children were removed from the home, sexually assaulted, beaten, deprived of basic human necessities, and over 3 500 women and girls were sterilized, and this went on well into the 1980 's (Nicoll 2015). The dehumanization of Indigenous peoples over the generations has left a significant impact on society today; the generational trauma has left many Indigenous peoples heavily dependent of drugs and alcohol, and the vulnerability of Indigenous women has led to extremely high rates of violent crime towards these women. A report that
The article's main argument is that social inequalities such as health access are a result of indigenous-specific factors related to colonization which includes the residential school system. The socioeconomic factors which place the majority of the Indigenous population at a disadvantage are the result of the historic cultural neglect of the Indigenous population of Canada. Some of these factors stated by the article include environmental degradation, spiritual, emotional, and mental disconnection, loss of language and connection to the land, along with racist policies created to suppress Indigenous peoples (residential
Indigenous people are incarcerated at much higher rates than non-Indigenous in Canada and are incarcerated for longer periods of time (Cook & Roesh, 2012, p.222). Canadians have put Indigenous communities through much heartache and pain. With the colonization of Indigenous people to residential schools, Canadians continue to stigmatize and treat Indigenous people poorly. Indigenous people are more likely to suffer from drug abuse using needles because of the intergenerational trauma suffered through their parents attending residential schools in Canada (Bombay, Matheson, & Anisman, 2014, p. 327). This puts them at a higher criminal risk than others because of what they have been subjected to.
The overrepresentation of Indigenous peoples in the Canadian criminal justice system is a deeply concerning issue that has garnered significant attention from academics, policymakers, and the wider public. The notion that Indigenous peoples account for more than 30% of the federal prison population, despite comprising just 5% of the Canadian population, highlights the extent to which they are disproportionately impacted by the legal system. The overrepresent of indigenous peoples in the justice system in Canada needs to be addressed through a review of the fairness, equity and effectiveness of the legislation that is currently in force, due to its lasting impacts on indigenous communities. Through examining the failures of Canada's
Aboriginal women and domestic violence has a strong correlation. When comparing the extent and severity of violence against Aboriginal women and non-Aboriginal women there is evidence proving that the Aboriginal women have a great chance of facing domestic violence during the duration of their lifespan in comparison to the non-Aboriginal
The rate Missing and Murdered Indigenous Woman in disproportionality high in Canada in comparison to other missing and murdered woman in Canada. Currently there has been “1017 aboriginal female homicide victims between 1980-2012. Of all these cases 225 of them have gone unsolved”(Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women: A National Overview,2014). There are various factors in which play some type of contribution to The rate Missing and Murdered Indigenous Woman extreme high rates in Canada.
To illustrate this point, the aboriginal people used the traditional equipment’s such as “woomera” and “boomerang” for hunting and also for entertainment. Now all these native rituals and traditions are vanished
All being symbolic to their religion and culture. Ceremonies play a significant role in Aboriginal life, in some parts of Australia ceremonies and rituals are still performed; Arnhem Land and Central Australia. These rituals are practiced to enable a successful hunt and to bless over their food. Such ceremonies and rituals take form in singing, dancing, chanting, or rituals actions. Other than to bless their food supply, the commonly known performed ceremony is to ensure a safe transition from childhood to
